小功率超级电容独立电源的研究与设计

发布时间：2018-01-28 21:43

本文关键词： 超级电容大电流充电独立电源 Boost电路 Matlab仿真实验室测试　出处：《昆明理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着移动通信技术的发展,手机已成为人们日常生活中必不可少的通讯工具。电池是为手机提供电力的储能装置,其质量直接影响到手机的使用效果和寿命。但目前常见的手机电池都有着充电时间过长以及使用寿命过短等缺点,这严重影响到了手机的用户体验效果。因而,寻找一种更高效、更稳定、充电速度更快的独立电源作为手机电池成了近年来的研究重点。本文对比了超级电容、锂电池及镍氢电池的各项性能及其技术指标,发现超级电容具有重量轻、“零”记忆效应以及能大电流快速充电的优点。在此基础上,提出了将超级电容作为独立电源,应用于手机负载这一设计构思。根据上述想法,本文根据超级电容能大电流充电这一特点设计了基于LM317三端稳压器以及大功率NPN型三极管D880的恒压大电流充电电路。并通过实际硬件电路的搭建,对所设计的充电电路进行了测试。测试结果表明,该电路能实现4.3A的直流大电流输出,并且能将输出电压稳定在2.7V,满足了超级电容的充电特性,验证了该电路的实际可行性与有效性。同时,为了验证超级电容能作为独立电源应用于手机的设想,通过对手机作为负载的相关技术要求的研究,针对手机工作电压为3.7v和超级电容工作电压为2.7V这一特点。本文在综合分析了多种电路方案以后,选取了电路结构较为简单的Boost升压电路作为超级电容独立电源电路的主电路。同时为了使该电路能持续稳定的输出3.7V电压,本文同时还设计了基于QX2304芯片以及STM8L152单片机的稳压电路。QX2304芯片将超级电容2.7V的输出电压提升到3.3V,为STM8L152单片机提供工作电源。STM8L152单片机将Boost升压电路的输出进行检测,并送入单片机中,与3.7v的设定值相比较,通过PID控制算法产生一定占空比的PWM波输出,调节Boost电路中开关管的通断,从而控制Boost升压电路的输出电压,将其稳定在3.7V。在该电路的基础上,本文建立了基于Matlab/Simulink的仿真电路,通过电路的仿真,验证了该电路的可行性。同时,在此基础上,还搭建了相应的实际硬件电路并进行了实际硬件电路的实验室测试。测试结果表明,该电路能持续稳定的输出3.7V的电压值,符合设计的要求,验证了将超级电容作为独立电源,代替手机电池应用于手机负载这一设想的可能性。
[Abstract]:With the development of mobile communication technology, mobile phone has become an indispensable communication tool in people's daily life. Its quality has a direct impact on the use of mobile phones and life. But the current common mobile phone batteries have long charging time and too short service life shortcomings, which seriously affected the user experience effect of mobile phones. Looking for a more efficient, more stable, faster charging independent power as a mobile phone battery has become the focus of research in recent years. In this paper, the performances and technical specifications of super capacitor, lithium battery and nickel hydrogen battery are compared. It is found that super capacitor has the advantages of light weight, "zero" memory effect and rapid charge with large current. This paper presents a design idea of using super capacitor as an independent power supply for mobile phone load. According to the above ideas. In this paper, a constant voltage and high current charging circuit based on LM317 three-terminal voltage regulator and high-power NPN transistor D880 is designed according to the characteristics of super capacitor charging with high current. Build. The test results show that the high DC current output of 4.3A can be achieved, and the output voltage can be stabilized at 2.7 V, which satisfies the charging characteristics of the super capacitor. The feasibility and effectiveness of the circuit are verified. At the same time, in order to verify the super capacitor can be used as an independent power for mobile phones, through the study of mobile phone as the load of the relevant technical requirements. Aiming at the characteristics that the operating voltage of mobile phone is 3.7v and the working voltage of super capacitor is 2.7V. this paper analyzes various circuit schemes synthetically. The Boost boost circuit with simple circuit structure is selected as the main circuit of the supercapacitor independent power supply circuit, and in order to make the circuit output 3.7V voltage continuously and stably. At the same time, a stable circuit. QX2304 based on QX2304 chip and STM8L152 microcontroller is designed to increase the output voltage from 2.7V to 3.3V. The output of the Boost boost circuit is detected by the single-chip microcomputer STM8L152, which provides the working power for the STM8L152 single chip microcomputer, and is sent to the single-chip computer, and compared with the set value of 3.7v. The output of PWM wave with certain duty cycle is generated by PID control algorithm, and the on-off of switch tube in Boost circuit is adjusted to control the output voltage of Boost boost circuit. It was stabilized at 3.7 V. On the basis of this circuit, the simulation circuit based on Matlab/Simulink is established, and the feasibility of the circuit is verified by the simulation of the circuit. The experimental results show that the circuit can output 3.7V voltage continuously and meet the requirements of the design. The possibility of using super capacitor as an independent power source instead of cell phone battery for mobile phone load is verified.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM53

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