碳化硅功率器件在永磁同步电机驱动器中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-01-30 16:37

本文关键词： 碳化硅永磁同步电机 MOSFET 桥臂串扰串扰抑制　出处：《南京航空航天大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：电动汽车、航空、航天、电力牵引、家电等领域的飞速发展对永磁同步电机驱动器提出了更高的要求,希望其具有更高的效率、更高的功率密度以及更高的可靠性。功率器件是电机驱动系统的主要组成部分,对其效率、功率密度和可靠性起着主导作用。与传统基于硅半导体材料的功率器件相比,新兴碳化硅功率器件具有开关速度快、阻断电压高和耐高温工作能力强等优点,由此可预见利用碳化硅功率器件设计的电机驱动器能提高永磁同步电机驱动系统的效率、功率密度以及动态性能。随着碳化硅功率器件制造技术的不断发展和成熟,其在永磁同步电机驱动器中的应用研究受到研究人员越来越多的关注。永磁同步电机由于其具有结构紧凑、效率高、调速性能好等优点被广泛应用于电动汽车、航空、航天、电力牵引、家电等领域。本文首先对永磁同步电机的结构进行简单介绍,阐述了坐标变换的原理,给出了永磁同步电机在坐标变换后的数学模型,分析了电压矢量控制的基本原理,介绍了PMSM中空间矢量作用的时间计算方法。与传统的硅半导体相比,碳化硅半导体的材料特性存在较大优势,因而碳化硅功率器件比传统的硅功率器件具有更好地电气特性,为了保证碳化硅功率器件的优势在永磁同步电机驱动器中的充分发挥,使得基于碳化硅功率器件的永磁同步电机驱动器能够获得更优的性能,本文详细分析了利用碳化硅功率器件可能带来的实际应用问题。电机驱动器桥臂结构电路中一个开关管快速开关瞬态产生的高电压变化率(dv/dt)会影响其互补开关管的工作,引起串扰问题,导致额外的开关损耗甚至器件失效。本文重点讨论Si C基高速开关给PMSM驱动器带来的一些关键问题,分析了电机驱动器中桥臂串扰问题的产生机理及其危害,给出了电机驱动器桥臂电路高频串扰问题的特殊性,阐述了抑制串扰问题的方法并给出抑制实验效果。分析了高速开关下寄生电感对功率器件的安全工作的影响原理,给出开关速度提高对寄生参数容忍程度关系曲线,阐述了抑制寄生电感影响的方法并给出抑制的实验效果。最后,本文对PMSM驱动器的功率器件进行了损耗分析,指出了与硅功率器件相比,采用碳化硅功率器件所能取得的效率优势,完成了输出功率1k W的PMSM驱动器实验样机的设计制作,进行了实验验证,并讨论了保持相同效率时,采用碳化硅功率器件对PMSM驱动器的散热系统体积/重量的减小。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of electric vehicles, aviation, aerospace, electric traction, household appliances and other fields, PMSM drivers are required to have higher efficiency. Higher power density and higher reliability. Power device is the main component of motor drive system, for its efficiency. Compared with the traditional power devices based on silicon semiconductor materials, the new silicon carbide power devices have the advantages of fast switching speed, high blocking voltage and high temperature resistance. Therefore, it can be predicted that the motor driver designed by silicon carbide power device can improve the efficiency of the PMSM drive system. Power density and dynamic performance. With the continuous development and maturity of silicon carbide power device manufacturing technology. The application of PMSM in PMSM driver has attracted more and more attention. PMSM has been widely used in electric vehicles because of its compact structure, high efficiency and good speed regulation performance. In this paper, the structure of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is introduced briefly, the principle of coordinate transformation is expounded, and the mathematical model of PMSM after coordinate transformation is given. The basic principle of voltage vector control is analyzed, and the time calculation method of space vector action in PMSM is introduced. Compared with the traditional silicon semiconductor, the material characteristics of silicon carbide semiconductor have great advantages. Therefore, silicon carbide power devices have better electrical characteristics than traditional silicon power devices, in order to ensure the advantages of silicon carbide power devices in permanent magnet synchronous motor driver. The PMSM driver based on sic power device can obtain better performance. In this paper, the practical application problems caused by the use of silicon carbide power devices are analyzed in detail. The high voltage change rate (dv / DT) generated by a fast switching switch in the bridge arm circuit of motor driver is discussed in detail. It will affect the work of its complementary switch. The crosstalk problem is caused, which leads to extra switching loss and even device failure. In this paper, some key problems brought by high speed switch based on sic to PMSM driver are discussed. The mechanism and harm of the crosstalk problem in the motor driver are analyzed, and the particularity of the high frequency crosstalk problem in the bridge arm circuit of the motor driver is given. The method of suppressing crosstalk problem is described and the experimental results are given. The principle of the influence of parasitic inductance on the safety of power device under high speed switch is analyzed. The curve of tolerance of switch speed to parasitic parameters is given, the method of restraining parasitic inductance is described and the experimental results are given. In this paper, the loss analysis of PMSM driver power device is carried out, and the efficiency advantage of silicon carbide power device compared with silicon power device is pointed out. The experimental prototype of 1kW PMSM driver with output power is designed and fabricated, and the experimental verification is carried out, and the same efficiency is discussed. Using silicon carbide power device to reduce the volume / weight of heat dissipation system of PMSM driver.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM341

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