轻型弯振复合模态超声电机的研究

发布时间：2018-01-30 19:18

本文关键词： 超声电机弯振复合模态轻型化　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：复合模态超声电机因具有推力（转矩）大、结构灵活等特点具有广阔的应用前景。为简化超声电机控制电路，设计者们往往进行频率简并。这在很大程度上限制了电机结构设计的灵活性和电机性能的进一步提高。模态简并问题是异型复合模态超声电机设计过程中不可避免的问题，可以通过采用同型模态复合有效解决这一问题。结构对称的正交弯振复合模态超声电机成功避免了模态简并这一问题，实验样机的研究结果也充分展示了该类型电机在机械特性方面所具备的优势。但目前研制的弯振复合电机质量、体积较大，还有待进一步优化改进，针对这一问题，本文提出轻型化弯振复合电机达到降低质量、提高功率密度的目的，适应对电机质量有特别要求的场合。本文首先分析了弯振复合模态超声电机的基本结构和工作原理，推导分析了一阶、二阶弯振复合模态超声电机驱动足处的椭圆运动轨迹及其驱动作用的一致性。接着根据有效电路理论得出有效机电耦合系数ke和机械品质因数Qm的计算表达式，，根据导纳圆理论得出电机的特征频率和等效电路参数计算，并分析了等效电路参数对ke和Qm的影响。随后提出轻型一阶弯振复合模态超声电机的基本结构，并选取材料进行ANSYS有限元仿真分析。最后分别制作了使用压电陶瓷PZT-4和PZT-8的样机，两样机较改进前质量降低29%。样机的振动测试和电学特性测试结果与理论分析相一致，并对样机进行了机械特性测试。
[Abstract]:Composite mode ultrasonic motor has a broad application prospect because of its large thrust (torque) and flexible structure. It can simplify the control circuit of ultrasonic motor. Designers often degenerate frequency, which greatly limits the flexibility of motor structure design and the further improvement of motor performance. Modal degeneracy is an unavoidable problem in the design process of special-shaped composite mode ultrasonic motor. The question of immunity. This problem can be effectively solved by using the same mode compound. The problem of modal degeneracy has been successfully avoided by the symmetrical orthogonal flexural vibration composite mode ultrasonic motor. The research results of the experimental prototype also fully show the advantages of this type of motor in the mechanical characteristics, but the quality and volume of the currently developed flexural vibration composite motor is large, which needs further optimization and improvement. Aiming at this problem, this paper puts forward the aim of reducing the quality and increasing the power density of the lightweight flexural composite motor, which is suitable for the situation with special demands on the quality of the motor. In this paper, the basic structure and working principle of bending-vibration composite mode ultrasonic motor are analyzed, and the first order is deduced and analyzed. The elliptical motion trajectory and the consistency of the driving action of the second order bending-vibration composite mode ultrasonic motor drive foot are obtained. Based on the effective circuit theory, the calculation expressions of the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient ke and the mechanical quality factor Qm are obtained. Style. According to admittance circle theory, the characteristic frequency and equivalent circuit parameters of motor are calculated, and the influence of equivalent circuit parameters on ke and QM is analyzed. Then, the basic structure of light first order bending-vibration composite mode ultrasonic motor is proposed. The ANSYS finite element simulation analysis was carried out with the material selected. Finally, the PZT-4 and PZT-8 prototypes using piezoelectric ceramics were made respectively. The quality of the two prototypes is 29% lower than that before the improvement. The vibration and electrical characteristics of the two prototypes are in agreement with the theoretical analysis, and the mechanical characteristics of the prototype are tested.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM35

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