多时相遥感监测大亚湾核电基地温排水时空分布及影响因子分析

发布时间：2018-02-10 17:54

本文关键词： 卫星遥感多时相大亚湾温排水热扩散　出处：《东华理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：核电技术给人类的能源需求带来了很大的便捷性,但是核电站的温排水也对核电站附近海域环境造成了很大的危害;温排水能够造成局部水域水体温度急剧升高,改变自然水体的水质,从而对海洋生物造成影响,改变其生存、生长和繁殖的习性,甚至能够造成某些生物的灭亡。因此,加强核电基地温排水热污染遥感监测是保障核电站附近海域环境和生态系统保持正常运行的重要措施。传统的核电站温排水监测方法主要是由沿岸的海洋站、或船舶走航、浮标定点测量,这些方法准确度高,但是数据同步性差,只能形成点数据,不能直观反映温度场的空间结构和时空变化特征,且费时费力,但其精度较高,是卫星遥感技术的真实性检验手段和重要资料补充。热红外遥感温排水监测的基本原理是水表温度反演,具有成本低、速度快、大面积同步观测等优点。随着热红外遥感系统时空分辨率的提升,卫星遥感将是未来核电站温排水监测与评价的首选技术手段。针对2009-2013年间获取的69幅无云HJ-1B卫星遥感数据,本研究开展了数据预处理、水陆分离、海表温度反演和基准温度提取,获取了该期间大亚湾核电基地温排水时空分布特征,研究在潮汐、风、工况和季节等因素下,温排水热扩散的规律,以及核电基地温排水对大亚湾海域自然保护区的影响,同时利用2011年星地同步试验实测数据,对文中的海表温度反演算法进行了精度验证。研究表明:1)温排水的热扩散效果受潮汐流速影响作用较大,大、中潮和自西向东的风更有利于大亚湾核电基地温排水高温升区水体的热扩散;2)季节对温排水的影响统计分析表明,1?C、2?C温升区面积夏季比冬季大,夏季温升区域面积约为冬季温升区域面积的1.005~1.484倍;3?C、4?C高温升区区域范围面积夏季相比冬季要小;冬季温升区域面积约为夏季温升区域面积的1.003~1.491倍;3)随着核电基地工作机组增加,总温升面积无论是在夏季或是在冬季,都在逐渐增加,增加面积在0.7~6.3 km2,增加面积在2 km2者居多。但3、4、5、6台工作机组的4?C温升平均面积均在1 km2内。4)对四周环境影响分析表明,大亚湾核电基地温排水产生的1?C温升包络区域有很大一部分覆盖中部核心区,2?C温升包络区域有少部分中部核心区,3?C、4?C温升包络区域均不在中部核心区域;未超过《海水水质标准》(GB3097-1997)第一、二类水质目标,对核心区内动植物的生长与繁衍影响有限。
[Abstract]:Nuclear power technology has brought great convenience to the energy demand of human beings, but the temperature drainage of nuclear power station has also caused great harm to the sea environment near the nuclear power plant, and temperature drainage can cause sharp rise of water temperature in local waters. Change the water quality of natural water bodies, thereby affecting marine life, changing their habits of survival, growth and reproduction, and even causing the extinction of certain organisms. To strengthen remote sensing monitoring of thermal pollution caused by temperature drainage in nuclear power station is an important measure to ensure the environment and ecosystem of the sea near nuclear power station to maintain normal operation. The traditional monitoring method of temperature and drainage of nuclear power station is mainly carried out by offshore station or ship. The accuracy of these methods is high, but the synchronicity of data is poor. They can only form point data, and can not reflect the spatial structure and space-time variation characteristics of temperature field directly, and it is time-consuming and laborious, but its precision is high. The basic principle of thermal infrared remote sensing temperature drainage monitoring is water surface temperature inversion, which has low cost and high speed. With the improvement of space-time resolution of thermal infrared remote sensing system, satellite remote sensing will be the first choice for monitoring and evaluation of temperature and drainage in nuclear power plants in the future. According to 69 cloudless HJ-1B satellite remote sensing data obtained from 2009-2013, In this study, data preprocessing, water and land separation, sea surface temperature inversion and reference temperature extraction were carried out, and the space-time distribution characteristics of temperature and drainage in Daya Bay nuclear power base during this period were obtained, and the factors such as tide, wind, working condition and season were studied. The law of thermal diffusion of warm drainage and the influence of thermal drainage of nuclear power base on the nature reserve in Daya Bay sea area are also discussed. At the same time, the measured data of satellite and ground synchronous test on 2011 are used. The accuracy of the sea surface temperature inversion algorithm in this paper is verified. The research shows that the thermal diffusion effect of temperature drainage is greatly affected by tidal velocity. Middle tide and wind from west to east are more favorable to the thermal diffusion of water body in high temperature rising area of temperature drainage area of Daya Bay nuclear power base. C,2? C temperature rise area is larger in summer than in winter. The area of temperature rise area in summer is about 1.0051.484 times that of winter temperature rise area. C,4? The area of C high temperature rising area in summer is smaller than that in winter, and the area of temperature rise in winter is about 1.003 ~ 1. 491 times of that in summer.) with the increase of nuclear power station units, the total temperature rise area is not only in summer but also in winter. The increase area is 0.7 ~ 6.3km2, and the increase area is 2 km2. However, the number of 6 working units is 4??? The average area of C temperature rise is within 1 km2. 4) the analysis shows that the temperature drainage produced by the Daya Bay nuclear power station is 1? A large part of the C temperature rise envelop region covers the central core area. C temperature rise envelop region has a small part of the central core area of 3? C,4? The C temperature rise envelop region is not in the central core region, but does not exceed the seawater water quality standard (GB3097-1997). The first and second type water quality targets have limited influence on the growth and reproduction of animals and plants in the core area.
【学位授予单位】：东华理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X771;X87

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