投切电容器用40.5kV真空灭弧室的结构仿真与优化

发布时间：2018-03-07 06:40

本文选题：真空灭弧室　切入点：电容器　出处：《电子科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着真空开关的广泛应用,真空开关投切电容器重燃问题进一步突显,针对这个问题,从90年代就提上日程开始研究,但是经过了十多年的努力,至今投切电容器重燃也还是真空开关显著的缺陷,与投切电容器组的低重燃率(零重燃)要求差距仍较大,可靠性较差。真空开关投切电容器组重燃问题是当前国内真空开关行业亟待解决的主要问题之一。本文通过对投切电容器用真空灭弧室重燃现象的特点进行分析研究发现,真空灭弧室的内部电场分布不均,以及断口的真空间隙击穿是导致真空开关投切电容器组重燃的直接原因。本文首先简要回顾了国内外真空灭弧室的发展历史与现状,综述了真空灭弧室的基本设计理论和工艺方法,根据目前的发展水平与研究现状、存在的几个主要问题,引出本文的研究内容与目标。本研究按照正规产品设计的思路,给出40.5kV真空灭弧室设计的基本参数,以此为基础进行模拟仿真分析,系统、全面地对40.5kV真空灭弧室内部的各个关键零件进行整体优化设计,运用电磁场理论、有限元计算方法和最优化理论,实现真空灭弧室电场结构的优化,减少击穿弱点,提高总体重燃临界电场。电场结构设计方面改变主屏蔽筒、端屏蔽罩、触头等内部元件的几何参数,使灭弧室内部电场分布更均匀。电容器组具有频繁投切的特点,真空开关在投切电容器组时由于质量不稳定,发生多次重燃产生高幅值重燃过电压,导致电容器组大批损坏,产生电容器爆炸事故。本课题针对投切电容器组的特殊要求,40.5kV等级真空灭弧室切电容器问题已成为当今真空开关市场应用的瓶颈。本课题重点研究如何改善40.5kV等级真空灭弧室的设计结构和优化制造工艺,目标通过从真空灭弧室的结构仿真与电场分析、关键零件材料选用、制造工艺以及后工序老炼处理等各方面分析和实验,找出对灭弧室投切电容器的影响因素并采取措施,最后给出40.5kV高压真空灭弧室的设计参数和后处理工艺,进一步增强灭弧室的耐压水平,提高灭弧室投切电容器的能力,降低灭弧室的重击穿几率,杜绝事故发生,保证电容器组的安全运行。
[Abstract]:With the wide application of vacuum switch, the problem of capacitor reburning in vacuum switch is becoming more and more prominent. In view of this problem, it has been on the agenda since 90s, but after more than a decade of efforts, Up to now, switching capacitor reburning is still a significant defect of vacuum switch, which is still far from the requirement of low reburning rate (zero reburning) of switched capacitor banks. The reliability is poor. The reburning problem of vacuum switch switch capacitor banks is one of the main problems to be solved urgently in the vacuum switch industry at present. In this paper, the characteristics of the reburning phenomenon of vacuum interrupter for switching capacitors are analyzed and found. The uneven distribution of electric field in vacuum interrupter and the breakdown of vacuum gap on the fracture surface are the direct causes leading to the reburning of vacuum switch switched capacitor banks. Firstly, the development history and present situation of vacuum interrupter at home and abroad are briefly reviewed in this paper. The basic design theory and process method of vacuum interrupter are summarized. According to the present development level and research status, several main problems exist, the research contents and objectives of this paper are elicited. The basic parameters of the design of 40.5 kV vacuum interrupter are given, based on which the simulation and analysis are carried out. The key parts inside the 40.5 kV vacuum interrupter are comprehensively optimized and the electromagnetic field theory is used. Finite element method and optimization theory are used to optimize the electric field structure of vacuum interrupter, to reduce breakdown weakness, to improve the critical electric field of the whole reburning, to change the main shield tube and the end shield in the design of electric field structure. The geometric parameters of the contact and other internal components make the electric field distribution in the interrupter more uniform. The capacitor bank has the characteristics of frequent switching, and the vacuum switch is unstable in mass when switching on the capacitor bank. Multiple reburning results in high amplitude reburning overvoltage, which results in a large number of damage to capacitor banks. This subject has become a bottleneck in the application of vacuum switch in today's vacuum switch market. This subject focuses on how to improve 40.5 kV vacuum interrupter capacitor. The design structure and optimized manufacturing process of the vacuum interrupter, By analyzing and experimenting from the structural simulation and electric field analysis of vacuum interrupter, the material selection of key parts, the manufacturing process and the aging treatment of post-working procedure, the paper finds out the factors affecting the capacitor switching in the arc-extinguishing chamber and measures are taken. At last, the design parameters and post-treatment technology of 40.5 kV high voltage vacuum interrupter are given, which can further enhance the voltage level of the interrupter, improve the ability of switching capacitor, reduce the probability of rebreakdown and prevent accidents. Ensure safe operation of capacitor banks.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM561.5

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