面向智能电网的MAC节能机制和WSN分簇机制研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 21:51

本文选题：智能电网　切入点：PSCP　出处：《西安电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：智能电网是一种完全自动化的电力服务网络,通过监测电网中的每个节点(包括用户)保证电网的坚强性和自愈性。智能电网的建设具有重大的经济社会意义,将推动智能小区、智能城市的发展,促进用户在用电角色方面的转换,为用户提供安全,快捷,经济的用电服务,并减少污染和温室气体的排放。基于802.11的WLAN技术是智能电网通信技术的重要组成部分,能够为用户提供随时随地的安全用电网络的接入服务。由于使用WLAN技术的终端设备大部分都是采用能量和成本均受限的电池供电,为了让用户的终端设备能够在不充电的情况下使用更长时间,必须要有一种行之有效的WLAN节能机制。现有的802.11标准节能机制如PSM、APSD、PSMP等由于在智能电网大规模节点调度的情况下会表现出调度开销大、节能性能不足等缺点,因而不再适用。针对于智能电网条件下的节能需求和调度开销的平衡,本文提出了一种基于PSMP改进的PSCP机制,该机制定义了一种新的调度帧SPF以及一种动态的AID调整策略,SPF调度帧包括了SIM域和Control域,AP填入SIM域的Bitmap用以指示STA的调度信息,Control域用于调度信息的控制；STA在接收到SPF帧之后,通过解析SIM域,判断自己是否在本次调度中,计算自己的休眠时间,并且本调度方式采用STA的上行数据和下行数据在同一个SU内传输完成,避免了STA的二次唤醒,这样能够保证STA尽可能长的休眠时间；而且在一定条件下PSCP机制能够利用动态AID调整机制来进一步压缩SPF帧的SIM域,这将大大减少AP调度的开销,达到节能最大化的目的。同时,本文还提出了一种能够应用于智能电网条件下的WSN分簇机制。该机制利用节点间的交互结果作为信任值评价的原始数据,由节点简单计算直接信任值,并将这些直接信任值发送给Sink节点,由Sink节点评价其总的信任值,并以所评价的总的信任值为基础,建立信任值黑名单以剔除信任值过低节点,并综合考虑所有节点的剩余能量,选择出权衡信任值和剩余能量值最优的节点作为簇头节点,该分簇机制能够大量的节省节点成本,减少能量消耗,在保证网络安全性的同时兼顾能量的均衡性。
[Abstract]:Smart grid is a fully automated power service network, which ensures the strength and self-healing of the grid by monitoring every node (including users) in the grid. The construction of smart grid has great economic and social significance. It will promote the development of intelligent community and intelligent city, promote the conversion of users in the role of electricity, and provide users with safe, fast and economical power service. And reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. 802.11-based WLAN technology is an important part of smart grid communications technology, Can provide users with access to secure power network anytime, anywhere. Because most of the terminal equipment using WLAN technology is powered by batteries with limited energy and cost. To allow the user's terminal device to last longer without charging, It is necessary to have an effective WLAN energy-saving mechanism. The existing 802.11 standard energy-saving mechanism, such as PSM / AP SDN / PSMP, will exhibit the disadvantages of large dispatching overhead and insufficient energy-saving performance in the case of large-scale node dispatching in smart grid. Therefore, it is no longer applicable. In view of the balance between energy saving demand and dispatch overhead under the condition of smart grid, this paper proposes a new PSCP mechanism based on PSMP. This mechanism defines a new scheduling frame SPF and a dynamic AID adjustment policy. The scheduling frame includes SIM domain and Control domain AP filled in SIM domain to indicate the scheduling information of STA. By analyzing the SIM domain, we judge whether we calculate our sleep time in this scheduling, and this scheduling mode uses the uplink data and downlink data of STA to transmit in the same Su, thus avoiding the secondary wake-up of STA. Under certain conditions, the PSCP mechanism can further compress the SIM domain of SPF frames by using dynamic AID adjustment mechanism, which will greatly reduce the overhead of AP scheduling. At the same time, this paper proposes a WSN clustering mechanism which can be applied to smart grid. The mechanism uses the interactive results between nodes as the original data for the evaluation of trust value. The direct trust value is simply calculated by the node, and these direct trust values are sent to the Sink node. The total trust value is evaluated by the Sink node. Based on the total trust value evaluated, the blacklist of trust values is established to eliminate the low trust value node. Considering the residual energy of all nodes, the node with the best balance of trust value and residual energy value is selected as cluster head node. The clustering mechanism can save node cost and reduce energy consumption. At the same time to ensure network security and energy balance.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM76

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