三相异步交流电动机智能节电器的研制

发布时间：2018-03-22 12:05

本文选题：异步电机　切入点：关断角　出处：《浙江工业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：三相异步电动机消耗的电能占我国总耗电量的40%以上,其中有60%的电动机运行效率低下,从而造成大量的电能浪费。三相异步电动机由于其自身构造的原因,在轻载或者空载工况下,其损耗占据电动机所消耗电能总量的很大一部分。通过适当的降压控制方法,可以保证输出功率不变,并且有效的减少损耗,提高电机运行效率。在当前能源日益紧张的背景下,具有广泛的应用前景和现实意义。本文对三相异步电动机的降压控制提出了具体的实现方法,内容包括：第一,本文通过分析异步电动机的运行方式,得到了电机的T型等效电路。从等效电路模型中可以分析得到定子端电压与损耗成正比例关系。通过电机空载和满载情况下电机效率与功率因数的关系,可以推理出一般负载情况下电机效率和功率因数之间的关系,从而推断出适当降压可以减少电机损耗,提高电机运行效率。第二,电机的定子端电压与电机当前的功率因数和晶闸管关断角有关,任意一个变量的改变将影响到其他两个数值。通过模糊控制的方法,将功率因数及其变化率作为变量,得到关断角,从而可以确定定子端电压的大小,以此切削电压。第三,为了验证控制方法的可行性,在第2章损耗分析和第3章控制方法的基础上,搭建了MATLAB\SIMULINK的仿真模型,通过仿真验证了电机节电器的有效性和实用性。第四,基于第3章提出的方法,设计了实际可行的软硬件实施方案。硬件系统里包括了以32位ARM处理器为核心的硬件最小系统,电压电流过零及A\D检测,晶闸管触发电路,串口收发电路和一些其他的硬件电路。软件层面,需要精确计算A\D转换得出的电压和电流值,以得到功率因数和功率因数变化率,然后需要编写模糊控制函数,以准确得到晶闸管关断角数值,以此控制晶闸管切削电压。最后,通过实际控制电机的实验,验证了本文提出方案的可行性。
[Abstract]:The three-phase asynchronous motor consumes more than 40% of the total power consumption in China, among which 60% of the motor is inefficient, thus causing a lot of power waste. Under light load or no load condition, the loss takes up a large part of the total electric energy consumed by the motor. Through the proper voltage control method, the output power can be kept unchanged and the loss can be reduced effectively. Under the background of increasing energy sources, it has wide application prospect and practical significance. In this paper, the realization method of voltage control of three-phase asynchronous motor is put forward. The main contents are as follows: first, In this paper, the operation mode of asynchronous motor is analyzed. The T-type equivalent circuit of the motor is obtained. From the equivalent circuit model, the positive relationship between the stator terminal voltage and the loss can be obtained, and the relationship between the motor efficiency and the power factor under the condition of no load and full load is obtained. We can infer the relationship between motor efficiency and power factor under normal load, and infer that proper voltage reduction can reduce motor loss and improve motor operation efficiency. Second, The stator terminal voltage of the motor is related to the current power factor of the motor and the turn-off angle of the thyristor. The change of any one variable will affect the other two values. By the method of fuzzy control, the power factor and its rate of change are taken as variables. In order to verify the feasibility of the control method, the simulation model of MATLAB\ SIMULINK is built on the basis of the loss analysis in Chapter 2 and the control method in Chapter 3. The validity and practicability of motor economizer are verified by simulation. Fourthly, based on the method proposed in Chapter 3, a practical hardware and software implementation scheme is designed. The hardware system includes a minimum hardware system with 32-bit ARM processor as the core. Voltage and current zero-crossing and A\ D detection, thyristor trigger circuit, serial transceiver circuit and some other hardware circuits. At the software level, the voltage and current values obtained from A\ D conversion need to be accurately calculated to obtain the power factor and the power factor change rate. Then it is necessary to write fuzzy control function to get the value of thyristor turn-off angle accurately, so as to control the cutting voltage of thyristor. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed scheme is verified by the experiment of actual motor control.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM343.2

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