基于ARM的多通道步进电机控制系统设计

发布时间：2018-04-04 08:04

本文选题：步进电机　切入点：STM32　出处：《西南交通大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着计算机技术和微电子的发展,步进电机作为自动化控制系统中的执行机构,被越来越多的应用于各个领域中。特别是近年来嵌入式控制技术和集成化电路的发展,使得步进电机的实际应用范围越来越广。在实际应用中,电机的控制也由简单的控制发展到对速度和位置的精确控制。为了提高执行机构的工作效率,同步或异步精确控制多台步进电机成为近年来研究的热点。针对这一问题,本文设计了一种基于ARM与FPGA的多通道步进电机控制系统,可以实现实时快速精确的控制八台两相双极性混合式步进电机,完成电机的启动、加速、匀速、减速、停机、速度调整及步数调整等功能。在设计过程中,该系统可以分为上位机、STM32和FPGA三个主要部分组成。上位机的设计为整个控制系统提供一个简单有效的人机交互操作界面,用户可以通过此界面对步进电机进行控制。STM32微处理器分别与上位机和FPGA通信,并实现三者之间数据和命令的传递和处理。FPGA采用Verilog-HDL硬件编程语言进行编写。在整个控制系统中,FPGA同STM32通信并执行上位机命令,实现控制脉冲的输出,并完成步进电机各状态(如启动、加速、匀速、减速、停机等)之间的转换。步进电机驱动器是控制系统部不可或缺的一部分,这里采用了L297+L298的经典组合。FPGA输出的控制脉冲,通过该驱动器的L297芯片脉冲分配后,接入L298中功率放大,最终驱动步进电机。实现多通道步进电机的同步控制是本次系统设计的特点和难点。所谓同步控制即是系统能控制多台步进电机同时运行。这个功能要通过上下位机共同作用来实现。
[Abstract]:With the development of computer technology and microelectronics, stepping motor, as the executive mechanism of automatic control system, has been applied in more and more fields.Especially with the development of embedded control technology and integrated circuit, the practical application of stepper motor is more and more extensive.In practical application, the control of motor has been developed from simple control to accurate control of speed and position.In order to improve the efficiency of actuators, synchronous or asynchronous precise control of multiple stepping motors has become a hot topic in recent years.To solve this problem, a multi-channel stepping motor control system based on ARM and FPGA is designed in this paper, which can control eight two-phase bipolar hybrid stepping motors in real time, fast and accurately, and complete the start, acceleration, uniform speed and deceleration of the motor.Stop, speed adjustment and step adjustment and other functions.In the process of design, the system can be divided into three main parts: upper computer STM32 and FPGA.The design of the upper computer provides a simple and effective man-machine interactive interface for the whole control system, through which the user can control the stepper motor by using the .STM32 microprocessor to communicate with the host computer and FPGA, respectively.The transfer and processing of data and commands between them are realized. FPGA is written by Verilog-HDL hardware programming language.In the whole control system, the STM32 communicates with the STM32 and executes the command of the upper computer to realize the output of the control pulse, and to complete the conversion between the various states of the stepping motor (such as starting, accelerating, uniform speed, decelerating, stopping, etc.).The stepper motor driver is an indispensable part of the control system. The control pulse output from L297 L298 is adopted in this paper. After the L297 chip pulse is allocated, the stepping motor is finally driven by the L298 medium power amplifier.Realizing synchronous control of multi-channel stepping motor is the characteristic and difficulty of this system design.The so-called synchronous control is that the system can control the multi-step motor running at the same time.This function should be achieved through the joint action of the upper and lower computers.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM383.6;TP273

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