分布式光伏电站充电桩设计

发布时间：2018-04-17 03:37

本文选题：太阳能光伏 + 最大功率跟踪　；参考：《齐齐哈尔大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：化石燃料消耗的污染问题和传统能源的供需紧张、不可再生促使人类开始探索新能源领域,太阳能作为新能源的典型代表,具有清洁和资源丰富等优势,越来越广泛的应用到实际的生活生产当中。电动汽车作为新能源的一项重要应用,得到政府的大力推广和支持;作为不可或缺的配套设施,充电装置的数量与覆盖范围是电动汽车健康发展的有力支撑。电动汽车本身并无污染,但电能有可能来自火力发电厂,根源上仍造成环境污染,而且若电动汽车真如燃油车那样普及,现有电网水平一定程度上是不能承受的,并且电动汽车这种非线性负载充电过程中会影响电源品质。将太阳能光伏阵列产生电能作为充电装置电能来源,能够很好的解决以上矛盾。本文通过Boost升压电路将多个分散光伏阵列并入一条电压恒定的直流母线,将较小功率光伏电站电能集中起来为电动汽车充电设施提供能量来源。连接太阳能电池板和直流母线的Boost电路应用了最大功率跟踪技术(MPPT)来最大程度输出电能;稳定于400V的直流母线电压由VIENNA整流器通过三相电整流得到;充电桩充电主电路由全桥变换器来承担,能够通过控制芯片指令(充电策略)来调整充电电压与电流。控制系统方面,对MPPT采用扰动步长自适应方法进行控制,对充电电路采用软件实现PID方法进行控制。本文通过PSIM软件对VIENNA整流器和全桥变换器进行了仿真,仿真结果显示VIENNA整流器输出电压稳定在400V,有极其微小的波动,全桥变换器能够稳定输出电压380V。本文还通过Matlab/Simulink对传统扰动观察法和自适应扰动步长方法进行了仿真对比,对比结果显示了自适应方法性能的优越性。本文最后对设计的小功率Boost电路进行了效率测试,测试结果为84.5%;对接有电池板的三个Boost电路节点进行了并联测试,输出电压被钳位到46V直流母线电压,测试结果显示各节点电路工作稳定,表明了设计的自适应扰动步长方法的有效性;对一块24V锂离子电池进行了恒流恒压充电测试,并对各个时间充电状态进行了分析;对其中一个光伏阵列并网逆变器工作状态进行了分析,显示了光辐照强度、输入电压电流与输出电压电流之间的关系。
[Abstract]:The pollution problem of fossil fuel consumption and the shortage of supply and demand of traditional energy, non-renewable human beings begin to explore the new energy field. As a typical representative of new energy, solar energy has the advantages of clean and rich resources.More and more widely used in the actual production of life.As an important application of new energy, electric vehicle has been popularized and supported by the government. As an indispensable supporting facility, the quantity and coverage of charging device is the strong support for the healthy development of electric vehicle.Electric vehicles do not pollute themselves, but electricity is likely to come from thermal power plants, which still pollute the environment. And if electric vehicles are as popular as fuel vehicles, the current power grid level is to some extent unbearable.And electric vehicle this nonlinear load charging process will affect the quality of power supply.Solar photovoltaic array can be used as the power source of the charging device, which can solve the above contradiction.In this paper, a number of scattered photovoltaic arrays are incorporated into a DC bus with a constant voltage by Boost boost circuit, and small power photovoltaic power plants are concentrated to provide the energy source for the charging facilities of electric vehicles.The Boost circuit connecting the solar panel and DC bus uses the maximum power tracking technique to maximize the output of electric energy. The DC bus voltage stable at 400V is obtained by the three-phase rectifier of the VIENNA rectifier.The main circuit of charging pile is provided by the full bridge converter, which can adjust the charging voltage and current by controlling the chip instruction (charging strategy).In the aspect of control system, MPPT is controlled by disturbance step size adaptive method, and charging circuit is controlled by software PID method.In this paper, the VIENNA rectifier and full-bridge converter are simulated by PSIM software. The simulation results show that the output voltage of the VIENNA rectifier is stable at 400V, with extremely small fluctuation, and the full-bridge converter can stabilize the output voltage of 380V.The traditional perturbation observation method and the adaptive perturbation step size method are simulated and compared by Matlab/Simulink. The comparison results show the superiority of the adaptive method.Finally, the efficiency of the designed low-power Boost circuit is tested, and the test result is 84.5.The output voltage is clamped to 46V DC bus voltage, and the three Boost circuit nodes connected to the battery board are tested in parallel.The test results show that each node circuit works stably, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive perturbation step method, and the constant current constant voltage charging test of a 24V lithium ion battery is carried out, and the charging state of each time is analyzed.The working state of one of the photovoltaic array grid-connected inverters is analyzed, and the relationship among the intensity of light irradiation, the input voltage and current and the output voltage and current is shown.
【学位授予单位】：齐齐哈尔大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM46;TM615

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