波浪能直线发电装置及其电能管理系统的研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 04:17

本文选题：永磁体 + 直线发电机　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会不断进步、科学的不断发展，发电机种类的增加特别是特种电机的应用为人类社会做出了巨大贡献。如今随着世界经济不断地高速发展,人口数量的膨胀以及耗电设备的不断增加，人类对能源特别是电能的需求量愈来愈大,以往人们发电需要诸如煤之类的不可再生能源的储存是十分有限的,生产周期缓慢，从而造成了常规能源过度开采而趋于枯竭的现象。海底不但贮藏着丰富的能源，海洋本身也存在着间接能源，例如潮汐能、波浪能、海流能等，，其中波浪在海洋中随处可见，它所蕴含的能量及其丰富,几乎是取之不尽,用之不竭。如果我们能将其加以开发利用，那么不但能推动我国海洋能产业的发展也能为我们的子孙后代造福。传统的波浪能发电装置为旋转发电机，将波浪的直线运动经过中间环节转换为发电机的旋转运动，由于中间环节的传递效率的问题使发电机的总的发电效率降低。作为特种电机的直线发电机结构简单，加工制作方便，在电机性能上动态响应快、精度高，在重量上质量、轻惯性。有很小的噪声和振动。除此之外还省去了能量的中间转换环节,因此在捕获波浪能以及提高捕获效率方面有很大优势，在要求低速、稳定、响应快的直线运动的场合有广泛的应用前景。然而，波浪能发电技术，为直线电机的发展提供了有利的平台。本论文在前人基础上，通过理论的研究以及方案的讨论，最终提出圆筒形直线往复发电机模型，并通过三维软件solidworks初步建模，通过ansoft/maxwell电磁分析软件对模型进行仿真分析，优化结构，其中包括铁芯槽口大小的优化、磁铁充磁方式的选择、磁铁间隙的优化以及铁芯纵向端部效应的改善和弥补等内容。确定直线发电机模型后对其进行电磁瞬态仿真分析，进而得出该发电机的电磁力矩曲线、磁链曲线、以及所产生的感应电动势曲线图。将直线发电机产生的空载电动势图形数据以表格的形式导出。确定其有效值后，利用protues电路仿真软件中自定义信号发生器导入相关数据制作电压源，为后续的电源管理模块做准备。发电机三相电压经过降压、滤波、整流、稳压等电路处理后对蓄电池充电。同时用AT89C51单片机对经过处理后的蓄电池充电电压和充电电流进行采集检测，并通过LED数码管将采集到的电流和电压数据显示出来。利用RS232接口将AT89C51单片机和无线发送设备DTU实现串口通信，并将单片机寄存器中的数据传送给DTU,并由DTU将数据发送到公共网络中。之后监控中心将网络中的数据接收下来并在上位机软件中显示。用Keilu Vision3开发软件对AT89C51单片机进行编程和调试。本系统通过设备和DTU以及上位机的联机，观察无线发送所接收到的数据参数。
[Abstract]:With the progress of society and the development of science, the increase of generator types, especially the application of special motors, has made great contributions to human society.Nowadays, with the rapid development of the world economy, the expansion of population and the increasing of power consumption, the demand for energy, especially electric energy, is increasing.In the past, the storage of non-renewable energy such as coal was very limited and the production cycle was slow, which resulted in over-exploitation of conventional energy and depletion of conventional energy.The ocean floor not only stores abundant energy, but also has indirect energy sources, such as tidal energy, wave energy, ocean current energy, and so on, in which waves are found everywhere in the ocean, and the energy it contains is so abundant that it is almost inexhaustible.It is inexhaustible.If we can develop and utilize it, it can not only promote the development of marine energy industry in China, but also benefit our future generations.The traditional wave energy generator is a rotating generator. The linear motion of the wave is converted into the rotating motion of the generator through the intermediate link. The total generating efficiency of the generator is reduced because of the transmission efficiency of the intermediate link.As a special type of motor, linear generator has the advantages of simple structure, convenient processing and manufacture, fast dynamic response, high precision, mass in weight and light inertia.There is very little noise and vibration.In addition, the intermediate conversion of energy is eliminated, so it has great advantages in capturing wave energy and improving capture efficiency, and has a wide application prospect in the case of low speed, stable and fast response linear motion.However, wave power generation technology provides a favorable platform for the development of linear motors.On the basis of previous studies, the model of cylindrical linear reciprocating generator is put forward through theoretical research and scheme discussion, and the model is simulated and analyzed by solidworks software and ansoft/maxwell electromagnetic analysis software.The optimized structure includes the optimization of the size of the core slot, the selection of the magnet magnetization mode, the optimization of the magnet gap, and the improvement and compensation of the longitudinal end effect of the core.The electromagnetic transient simulation analysis of linear generator model is carried out, and the electromagnetic moment curve, flux chain curve and induced electromotive force curve of the generator are obtained.The graph data of no-load EMF generated by linear generator are derived in the form of table.After determining its effective value, the self-defined signal generator in the protues circuit simulation software is used to import the relevant data to make the voltage source, so as to prepare for the subsequent power management module.Generator three-phase voltage after voltage reduction, filtering, rectifier, voltage stabilization circuit after charging battery.At the same time, AT89C51 single chip microcomputer is used to collect and detect the charge voltage and charge current of the treated battery, and the collected current and voltage data are displayed through the LED digital tube.The serial communication between AT89C51 MCU and wireless transmitting device DTU is realized by using RS232 interface, and the data from single chip microcomputer register is transmitted to DTU, and the data is sent to public network by DTU.Then the monitoring center receives the data from the network and displays it in the upper computer software.Programming and debugging AT89C51 single chip microcomputer with Keilu Vision3 development software.The data parameters received by wireless transmission are observed through the connection of the device, DTU and upper computer.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM612;P743.2

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