太阳能光伏光热系统动态特性理论研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 05:23

本文选题：太阳能 + 光伏转换　；参考：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：太阳能是一种清洁的可再生能源,目前太阳能的利用方式主要为光热和光伏两种。太阳能光伏光热集热系统则是一种集光伏发电和光热转换于一体的新型综合系统,将太阳能光伏组件作为集热器,一部分太阳能经光伏组件转换成电能,另一部分转换为热量被管道中流通的工质回收,从而同时产出电能和热能。本文第一章主要介绍了在全球能源危机背景下可持续能源发展状况,并就太阳能技术应用领域的一种综合PV/T系统的发展历史及研究进展做了简要综述。第二章和第三章分别针对采用不同工质的PV/T系统进行了动态仿真分析,第四章则对比分析了一系列具有不同结构设计的PV/T空气集热系统的动态特性。最后就后续工作开展给出简要建议。1.采用水为工质的PV/T系统研究了一种采用水为工质的PV/T系统的动态特性。采用能量平衡方程建立了PV/T系统动态特性模型,分析了出口水温、太阳能电池温度、光伏转换效率、光伏电功率、热输出功率的变化规律,得到了给定天气条件下各性能参数随时间变化的曲线。同时,进一步分析了光伏组件串联数目、入口水温和水质量流率等结构设计参数对PV/T系统动态特性的影响。研究结果表明：在给定工作条件下,随太阳辐射增强,光伏组件工作温度逐渐升高,导致光伏转换效率下降,但总体光伏电功率和热输出功率依然增大；在其他工作条件不变的情况下,随光伏组件串联数目增加,光伏组件工作温度逐渐升高,导致光伏转换效率下降,但总体光伏电功率和热输出功率依然增大；在其他工作条件不变的情况下,随工质入口温度升高,光伏组件工作温度逐渐升高,导致光伏转换效率逐渐下降,整体光伏电功率和热输出功率逐渐减小；在其他工作条件不变的情况下,随工质质量流率增大,光伏组件工作温度逐渐降低,导致光伏转换效率上升,整体光伏电功率和热输出功率逐渐增大；此外,相较光伏组件串联数目,工质入口温度或质量流率的改变对系统光伏电功率和热输出功率的影响要小得多。2.采用制冷剂R410A为工质的PV/T系统研究了一种采用制冷剂R410A为工质的PV/T系统的动态特性。采用能量平衡方程建立了PV/T系统动态性能模型,研究了太阳能电池温度、光伏转换效率、背板温度、光伏电功率、热输出功率等性能参数的变化,得到给定天气条件下各性能参数随时间变化的曲线。同时,进一步分析了制冷剂蒸发温度对PV/T系统动态特性的影响。研究结果表明：在给定蒸发温度下,随太阳辐射增强,光伏组件工作温度逐渐升高,导致光伏转换效率逐渐下降,但整体光伏电功率和热输出功率依然增大；在其他工作条件不变的情况下,随制冷剂蒸发温度升高,光伏组件工作温度随之升高,导致光伏转换效率下降,同时整体光伏电功率和热输出功率减小；此外,光伏组件工作温度仅略高于蒸发温度,因而选择较低的蒸发温度能够有效降低光伏组件工作温度。同时,给定蒸发温度下,光伏组件工作温度或光伏转换效率随太阳辐射改变的幅度并不大,具有较稳定的光伏性能。3.采用空气为工质的PV/T系统研究了一系列具有不同管道结构的采用空气为工质的PV/T系统的动态特性。采用能量平衡方程建立了PV/T系统动态性能模型,分析了太阳能电池温度、光伏转换效率、光伏电功率、电效率、热输出功率和热效率等参数的变化规律,得到给定天气条件下各性能参数随时间变化的曲线。同时,对比无管道的传统光伏组件,分析了不同管道结构对PV/T系统动态特性的影响。研究结果表明：对于一定结构的系统,给定工作条件下,随太阳辐射增强,光伏组件工作温度逐渐升高,导致光伏转换效率和整体电效率下降,但光伏电功率和热输出功率增大,而整体热效率变化幅度不大；对于不同结构的系统,在光伏性能方面,工质流过光伏组件下方时散热效果增强,光伏组件工作温度降低,光伏转换效率上升,同时光伏电功率增大。工质流过光伏组件上方时散热效果减弱,光伏组件工作温度升高,光伏转换效率下降,同时光伏电功率减小。工质同时流过光伏组件上下方,若为单程流,即上下通道连续时,光伏组件工作温度下降,光伏转换效率上升,但光伏电功率反而减小；若为双程流,即上下通道独立,光伏组件工作温度上升,光伏转换效率下降,同时光伏电功率减小；对于不同结构的系统,在热性能方面,工质流过光伏组件上方时的热输出功率大于工质流过光伏组件下方时的热输出功率；改变PV/T系统结构设计对光伏性能和热性能的影响不同,通常提升光伏性能需要以降低热性能为代价,反之亦然；此外,经验证在PV/T系统动态特性仿真计算中忽略辐射传热过程的假设是合理可行的。
[Abstract]:Solar energy is a kind of clean and renewable energy, the use of solar energy for thermal and photovoltaic two. Solar collector system is a new integrated system of photovoltaic and photothermal conversion in one of the solar PV modules as part of a solar collector, converted into electricity through photovoltaic modules and another part is converted to refrigerant heat recovery by pipeline flow, which also produce electricity and heat. The first chapter of this paper mainly introduces the background of the global energy crisis under the sustainable energy development, and the development history and research progress of solar energy is a comprehensive PV/T system technology applications are briefly reviewed the second chapter and the third chapter respectively. According to the PV/T system using different working fluid dynamic simulation analysis is carried out, the fourth chapter comparative analysis with a series of different structure design of PV/ T The dynamic characteristics of the air heat collecting system. Finally the dynamic characteristics of a PV/T system using water as refrigerant for PV/T refrigerant water by subsequent work are briefly proposed.1.. Established a dynamic model of PV/T system with the energy balance equation of the outlet water temperature, solar photovoltaic conversion temperature. The efficiency of photovoltaic power, variation of the heat output power curve is obtained, the performance parameters of the given weather conditions change with time. At the same time, further analysis of the PV module series number, effects of entrance water temperature and mass flow rate of design parameters on the dynamic characteristics of the PV/T system. The results show that: in the given conditions next, with the enhancement of solar radiation, temperature of photovoltaic components increased gradually, resulting in photovoltaic conversion efficiency decreases, but the overall photovoltaic power and thermal power output is still increasing; in The same other conditions, with the increase in the number of tandem photovoltaic modules, photovoltaic module temperature gradually increased, resulting in photovoltaic conversion efficiency decreases, but the overall photovoltaic power and thermal power output is still increasing; in the same working conditions, with the refrigerant entrance temperature, working temperature of photovoltaic components increased gradually, resulting in the photovoltaic conversion efficiency decreased gradually, the whole photovoltaic power and heat output power decreases gradually; in the same working condition, with the increase of mass flow rate, temperature of photovoltaic components decreased gradually, resulting in photovoltaic conversion efficiency increases, the overall photovoltaic power and thermal power output increases gradually; in addition, compared with the number of PV modules in series and the influence of fluid entrance temperature or mass flow rate change on the system of photovoltaic power and thermal power output of the.2. is much smaller with refrigerant R410A Study on the dynamic characteristics of a PV/T system using refrigerant R410A refrigerant as working fluid. The PV/T established the PV/T system dynamic performance model based on energy balance equation, the temperature of the solar cell, photovoltaic conversion efficiency of photovoltaic power, backplane temperature changes, thermal power output and other performance parameters, get the curve the performance parameters of the given weather conditions change with time. At the same time, further analysis of the influence of evaporation temperature of refrigerant on the dynamic characteristics of the PV/T system. The results show that: in the given evaporating temperature, with solar radiation enhancement, working temperature of photovoltaic components increased gradually, resulting in photovoltaic conversion efficiency decreased gradually, but the overall photovoltaic power and heat output power is still increasing; in the same working conditions, with the evaporation temperature of refrigerant increases, working temperature of photovoltaic components increased, resulting in a photovoltaic conversion At the same time, the overall efficiency decreased, photovoltaic power and heat output power decreases; in addition, the temperature of PV module is only slightly higher than the evaporation temperature, so the choice of evaporation low temperature can effectively reduce the temperature of PV module. At the same time, given the evaporating temperature, working temperature of photovoltaic module or photovoltaic conversion efficiency with the change of solar radiation and amplitude not having studied a series of different pipeline structure by using air as PV/T working fluid dynamic characteristics of the PV/T system for refrigerant air by the photovoltaic performance of.3. was stable. Using the energy balance equation is established based on PV/T system dynamic performance analysis model, the temperature of the solar battery, solar photovoltaic power conversion efficiency. Power, efficiency, variation of the heat output power and thermal efficiency parameters, obtained the curve of the performance parameters of the given weather conditions change with time. At the same time, comparison The traditional photovoltaic module pipeline, analyzes the influence of different pipeline structure on the dynamic characteristic of PV/T system. The research results show that: for a given system structure, working conditions, with the enhancement of solar radiation, temperature of photovoltaic components increased gradually, resulting in photovoltaic conversion efficiency and overall power efficiency decreased, but photovoltaic power and thermal power output the overall thermal efficiency increases, but little change; for different structural systems, in the photovoltaic performance, enhance the cooling effect below the refrigerant flowing through the photovoltaic modules, photovoltaic modules to reduce the working temperature, the photovoltaic conversion efficiency increased, while photovoltaic power increases. The cooling effect of reduced refrigerant flowing through the photovoltaic module above, photovoltaic working temperature the component increased, photovoltaic conversion efficiency decreased, while photovoltaic power decreases. At the same time through the medium below the PV module, if one-way flow, the upper and lower channel. Continued, the working temperature of photovoltaic components decreased, photovoltaic conversion efficiency increased, but the photovoltaic power will decrease; if the two-way flow between the upper and lower channel, independent photovoltaic module working temperature rise, photovoltaic conversion efficiency decreases, while photovoltaic power decreases; for different structural systems, in terms of thermal properties, thermal output of heat the output power of refrigerant flowing through the photovoltaic component above than below the refrigerant flowing through the photovoltaic component; effect of PV/T system structure design of photovoltaic and thermal performance of different, usually improve the photovoltaic performance of the need to reduce the cost of thermal performance, and vice versa; in addition, verified in the simulation of dynamic characteristics of PV/T system in negligible radiation the heat transfer process of the assumption is reasonable and feasible.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM615

【共引文献】