窄带隙有机聚合物太阳能电池的制备和优化

发布时间：2018-05-04 22:44

本文选题：正向结构 + 反向结构　；参考：《西安电子科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：清洁、可再生的新能源是能源危机和环境污染的大背景下的必然选择,作为新能源之一的太阳能因为其量大、分布广并可通过光热、光电等多种方式加以利用等优点而备受推崇。太阳能电池就是将太阳能转化为电能存储并利用的器件,目前已经实现商品化的多为无机太阳能电池,但高成本、复杂的工艺、有限的材料和可能产生的污染等原因限制了它们的大规模应用,有机太阳能电池由于材料来源广、成本低、制备简单、应用广泛、可实现大面积柔性等优点正引起人们越来越浓厚的研究兴趣。本文基于窄带隙聚合物的体异质结结构采用溶液旋涂法和真空热蒸镀法制备了正向和反向两种结构的有机太阳能电池,并对其在效率和稳定性两方面作了比较,研究发现反向有机太阳能电池虽然功率转换效率略差,仅为正向器件的84.86%,但是其器件稳定性却很好,未封装情况下在氮气手套箱中放置25天后仍能保持90%以上的器件效率,而正向器件却只有75%。为了进一步提高反向有机太阳能电池的效率,研究阴极缓冲层氮气氛围退火、氧等离子体处理以及有机活性层阴干时间对反向有机太阳能电池的影响,实验发现阴极缓冲层氮气氛围退火可以明显提高器件效率,薄膜表面形貌和紫外-可见光透射谱综合分析结果表明是由于氮气氛围退火的氧化锌薄膜具有更小的表面粗糙度、更高的电子迁移率,所以才会有更高效的电荷载流子的输运和收集;铟锡氧化物层氧等离子体处理由于在提高电池开路电压的同时降低了电池的短路电流密度和填充因子所以对电池性能的提高并不明显;有机活性层阴干8小时可以得到最优的器件性能,阴干时间过长或过短都将导致有机太阳能电池严重的光浴现象。本文通过改用反向器件结构、改变阴极缓冲层退火环境和优化有机活性层阴干时间等方法获得了兼具较高效率和良好稳定性的反向有机太阳能电池,这更加肯定了高效、稳定的有机太阳能电池实现的可能性和必然性,不过实现有机太阳能电池的大规模产业化仍需要科研工作者们在更广泛的交流与合作的基础上不断探索和努力。
[Abstract]:Clean, renewable new energy is the inevitable choice under the background of energy crisis and environmental pollution. As one of the new energy sources, solar energy is widely distributed and can be passed through light and heat because of its large quantity. Photoelectric and other ways to make use of the advantages and so on are highly respected. Solar cells are devices that convert solar energy into energy storage and use. At present, most of the solar cells that have been commercialized are inorganic solar cells, but they have a high cost and complex process. Limited materials and possible pollution limit their large-scale application. Organic solar cells are widely used because of their wide source of materials, low cost, simple preparation and wide application. The advantages of large area flexibility are becoming more and more interesting. In this paper, organic solar cells with both forward and reverse structures have been prepared by solution spin coating and vacuum thermal evaporation based on narrow band gap polymer bulk heterojunction structure, and their efficiency and stability have been compared. It is found that although the power conversion efficiency of the reverse organic solar cell is slightly lower, it is only 84.86 of the forward device, but its device stability is very good. In the case of no packaging, the device efficiency of more than 90% can be maintained after 25 days in the nitrogen glove box. The forward device is only 75. In order to further improve the efficiency of reverse organic solar cells, the effects of nitrogen atmosphere annealing in cathode buffer layer, oxygen plasma treatment and drying time of organic active layer on reverse organic solar cells were studied. It is found that the annealing of cathode buffer layer in nitrogen atmosphere can obviously improve the device efficiency. The results of surface morphology and UV-Vis transmission spectrum show that the ZnO film annealed in nitrogen atmosphere has a smaller surface roughness. Higher electron mobility leads to more efficient charge carrier transport and collection; Indium tin oxide oxide plasma treatment not only increases the open circuit voltage of the battery but also reduces the short circuit current density and filling factor of the battery so the performance of the battery is not improved obviously. The optimum device performance can be obtained when organic active layer is dried for 8 hours. If the drying time is too long or too short, it will lead to the serious photobath phenomenon of organic solar cells. In this paper, reverse organic solar cells with high efficiency and good stability have been obtained by changing the annealing environment of cathode buffer layer and optimizing the drying time of organic active layer by using reverse device structure. The possibility and inevitability of realizing stable organic solar cells, however, the realization of large-scale industrialization of organic solar cells still needs researchers to explore and make efforts on the basis of more extensive exchanges and cooperation.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM914.4

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