风储联合应用中储能的需求评估方法研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 09:42

本文选题：风电并网 + 储能技术　；参考：《湖南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：化石能源的枯竭和环境问题的恶化,大力推动了可再生能源在全球范围内的发展,其中风力发电作为相对成熟的技术已得到广泛应用。但由于风能资源存在不确定性等缺陷,风电功率会表现出不同程度的波动性。随着风电规模的逐年增大,其并网给电力系统带来的问题和挑战也在随之升级,包括出力波动对电能质量的影响以及给常规机组带来的调峰压力、低精度的风电预测给电力系统带来的调度难题等。而储能技术的出现和发展则为解决风电并网问题提供了有效途径。为风电场配置合适类型和规模的储能电源,形成风储联合发电系统,通过储能电源的快速功率吞吐作用和电量时移能力,改善风电出力特性,使其成为相对可控、可调的电源,提高其并网运行的稳定性。本文通过细分风储联合应用场景,提出了集“应用选型-容量配置-优选评估”环节于一体的储能需求评估方法,能为相关决策者提供规划指导,具有一定的工程实用价值。本文首先提炼了各类储能的技术经济特征指标,形成其综合指标体系,并以蓄电池为主要对象构建了表征充放电过程的储能综合静态模型。根据控制目标和时间尺度的不同,划分了包括“平抑波动”、“跟踪计划出力”和“削峰填谷”三个风储联合应用场景,并提炼了相应场景的特征指标。基于各类储能的相互对比和综合指标体系,利用层次分析法进行了储能的选型匹配,确定了三个场景下相对合适的储能类型。基于全寿命周期成本理论及运行过程中的“等效替代”效应,利用净现值法构建了储能的成本-效益经济模型。并以蓄电池为主要对象,提出了结合等效循环寿命法和雨流计数法的储能运行寿命测算方法。根据储能选型的结果,分别针对三个应用场景提出了合适的容量配置策略,通过对张北等地风电场的实例仿真,形成了各应用场景下多套可行的储能配置方案。其中“平抑波动”场景采用的是滑动平均滤波和小波包分解波动分量的方法,“跟踪计划出力”场景采用的是粒子群算法对储能经济模型优化求解的方法,“削峰填谷”场景采用的是划分储能内外层控制区和一阶低通滤波的方法。最后为评估各储能配置方案在技术经济综合性能上的优劣,将偏好顺序结构法和层次分析法相结合进行了方案的排序优选,得到各应用场景下的最优储能配置方案。同时利用交互辅助几何分析法,对各方案的评价指标之于排序评估结果的影响进行了灵敏度分析。
[Abstract]:The depletion of fossil energy and the deterioration of environmental problems have greatly promoted the development of renewable energy in the world, among which wind power generation as a relatively mature technology has been widely used. However, due to the uncertainty of wind energy, wind power will show varying degrees of volatility. As the scale of wind power increases year by year, the problems and challenges brought by the grid connection to power system are being upgraded, including the influence of power fluctuation on power quality and the peak-shaving pressure brought to conventional units. The low-precision wind power forecasting brings problems to power system dispatching and so on. The emergence and development of energy storage technology provides an effective way to solve the problem of wind power grid connection. The wind farm is equipped with a suitable type and scale of energy storage power supply to form a combined wind storage power generation system. By means of the rapid power huff and the time shift ability of the energy storage power supply, the characteristics of the wind power output are improved to make it a relatively controllable and adjustable power supply. Improve the stability of its grid-connected operation. In this paper, by subdividing the combined application of wind and storage, a method of energy storage needs assessment is put forward, which integrates "application selection, capacity configuration and optimal selection evaluation", which can provide planning guidance for relevant decision makers and has certain practical engineering value. In this paper, the technical and economic characteristic indexes of various kinds of energy storage are abstracted, and the comprehensive index system is formed, and a comprehensive static model of energy storage is constructed to describe the charge-discharge process of the battery as the main object. According to the difference of control goal and time scale, the combined application scenarios of wind and storage including "stabilizing fluctuation", "tracking planning force" and "cutting peak and filling valley" are divided, and the characteristic indexes of the corresponding scenarios are refined. Based on the comparison of different kinds of energy storage and the comprehensive index system, this paper uses the analytic hierarchy process to select and match the energy storage, and determines the relatively appropriate types of energy storage under the three scenarios. Based on the life-cycle cost theory and the "equivalent substitution" effect in the operation process, the cost-benefit economic model of energy storage is constructed by using the net present value (NPV) method. Taking the battery as the main object, an energy storage life calculation method combining the equivalent cycle life method and the rain flow counting method is proposed. According to the results of energy storage selection, appropriate capacity allocation strategies are put forward for the three application scenarios respectively. Through the simulation of wind farms in Zhangbei and other places, several feasible energy storage configuration schemes are formed under each application scenario. The methods of moving average filter and wavelet packet decomposition are used in the "stabilizing wave" scenario, and the particle swarm optimization method is used in the "tracking planning force" scenario to solve the economic model of energy storage. The method of dividing the control area of inner and outer layer of energy storage and the first order low pass filter is used in the scene of "cutting peak and filling valley". Finally, in order to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each energy storage configuration scheme in the technical and economic comprehensive performance, the preference sequence structure method and the analytic hierarchy process are combined to select the optimal scheme, and the optimal energy storage configuration scheme under each application scenario is obtained. At the same time, the sensitivity analysis of the influence of the evaluation index of each scheme on the ranking evaluation results is carried out by using the interactive aided geometric analysis method.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM614

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