改善VSCFDG运行性能的控制技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 09:47

本文选题：变速恒频 + 军用移动式柴油发电机组　；参考：《西北工业大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：为满足应用环境的需求，现代军用移动式柴油发电机组（Military Mobile DieselGenerator Set，MMDGS）对输出电能品质、运行可靠性、负载适应性、隐蔽性能等方面的技术指标有着严格的要求。变速恒频（Variable Speed Constant Frequency，VSCF）技术是近年来在航空航天供电、船舶供电、新能源发电等领域的研究热点，其能够有效提高发电设备的燃料利用率和输出电能品质，同时降低设备的重量和体积。引入VSCF技术的变速恒频柴油发电机组（Variable Speed Constant Frequency Diesel Generator，VSCFDG）非常适宜于改善MMDGS的性能，，也被认为是新一代柴油发电机组的发展趋势。为满足MMDGS的现代化要求和持续保持其高性能的优势，论文在总后勤部西安建筑工程研究所的某型重点装备预研项目子课题的支撑下，以基于VSCFDG的MMDGS为研究对象，围绕改善其运行性能的控制技术开展了研究工作。 VSCFDG运行控制主要涉及运行转速调度曲线设计及转速控制、机侧变换器控制、网侧变换器控制，是决定着VSCFDG主要功能和性能的核心技术，直接影响整个系统的主要技术指标。论文依据MMDGS的实际运行需求，对控制系统架构设计与优化、变速恒频运行控制技术进行深入研究，重点针对转速调度曲线设计与优化方法、转速运行控制技术、机侧变换器结构及运行控制技术、网侧变换器结构及运行控制技术、控制系统优化设计等方面展开了研究。为降低VSCFDG的燃油消耗率和噪声污染，论文对VSCFDG的运行转速调度及运行转速控制问题展开了研究。论文采用实验的方法，结合发动机及发电机的特性和发电机运行的规律来确定机组运行的目标转速调度曲线，该目标转速调度曲线兼顾了系统效率、负载的功率需求和系统运行可靠性。同时，为保证发电机组在宽转速范围内的转速控制性能及控制性能的一致性，增强系统对负载突变时的缓冲能力，提出一种新型复合模糊自校正PID控制策略，并通过仿真和工程试验进行了验证，结果表明所设计的目标转速调度曲线及其调度策略合理，所提出的转速控制策略能够满足VSCFDG的功能和性能指标。相对于传统的PID调速控制策略，所提转速控制策略的响应时间显著提高，增强了系统对负载突变冲击的缓冲能力。为提高对负载的适应性并改善VSCFDG的电能输出品质，论文基于瞬时对称分量理论，采用基于正负序同步旋转坐标的双闭环控制策略来改善输出电压波形的质量，通过引入谐波谐振抑制环节构建了改进的正负序同步旋转坐标下的双闭环控制策略，进一步抑制不对称负载和非线性负载对输出电压的扰动，提高了输出电压的正弦度。为提高系统运行的可靠性、系统维护的便利性和快速性，论文通过对VSCFDG运行控制任务的分析和规划，按照模块化设计思想将整个控制系统分解为多个单元控制子系统，并提出了一种分级分布式控制系统架构。各单元控制子系统分别承担一项主要控制任务，并通过内部总线集成为一个有机整体，增强了VSCFDG控制系统的可靠性，改善了系统维护的快速性和便利性。结合实际应用需求，论文对主要单元控制子系统进行了优化设计，对容易影响系统运行的重要环节，采用余度控制、多重监测等手段来进一步提高系统运行的可靠性。最后，论文在搭建的VSCFDG样机上进行了局部运行控制和整机运行控制的功能与性能验证。局部运行控制试验结果表明，所设计VSCFDG的单元控制子系统及其控制策略完全能够满足单元运行控制的要求。整机运行控制试验结果表明，所提出的控制系统架构合理、有效，整个VSCFDG系统的功能与性能完全满足应用技术指标。由于与其他发电设备（如燃气轮机发电机组、光伏发电机组等）运行控制的相似性或局部相似性，尽管本论文的研究工作主要是针对MMDGS进行的，然而所提方案和控制策略、试验结论对于其他类型中小型发电设备也具有指导、借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:In order to meet the needs of the application environment , the modern military mobile diesel generator set ( MMDGS ) has strict requirements on the technical indexes such as output power quality , operation reliability , load adaptability , concealment performance and so on . Variable Speed Constant Frequency Diesel Generator ( VSCF ) technology is very suitable for improving the performance of MMDGS and reducing the weight and volume of equipment .

The operation control of VSCFDG mainly involves designing and rotating speed control , machine - side converter control and net - side converter control . It is the core technology that determines the main function and performance of VSCFDG . It directly affects the main technical indexes of the whole system . According to the actual operation demand of MMDGS , the paper studies the design and optimization of the control system , the control technology of rotating speed , the structure of the machine - side converter and operation control technology , the structure of the net - side converter and the operation control technology , and the optimization design of the control system .

In order to reduce the fuel consumption rate and noise pollution of VSCFDG , the paper studies the operation speed schedule and operation speed control of VSCFDG .

In order to improve the adaptability of the load and improve the power output quality of VSCFDG , based on the theory of instantaneous symmetrical component , the double closed - loop control strategy based on positive and negative sequence synchronous rotation coordinates is adopted to improve the quality of the output voltage waveform , and the double closed - loop control strategy under the improved positive and negative sequence synchronous rotation coordinate is constructed by introducing the harmonic resonance suppression link , so that the disturbance of the asymmetric load and the nonlinear load on the output voltage is further suppressed , and the sine degree of the output voltage is improved .

In order to improve the reliability of the system operation and the convenience and speediness of the system maintenance , the whole control system is decomposed into a plurality of unit control subsystems according to the modularization design idea , and a hierarchical distributed control system architecture is proposed .

Finally , the function and performance verification of the local operation control and the operation control of the whole machine are carried out on the built VSCFDG sample . The results of the local operation control show that the unit control subsystem and control strategy of the designed VSCFDG can meet the requirements of the unit operation control . The control test results show that the proposed control system is reasonable and effective , and the function and performance of the whole VSCFDG system completely meet the technical indexes of the application .

Due to the similarity or local similarity of operation control with other power generation equipment ( such as gas turbine generator set , photovoltaic generator set , etc . ) , although the research work of this paper is mainly conducted for MMDGS , the proposed scheme and control strategy have guidance and reference significance for other types of small and medium - sized power generation equipment .
【学位授予单位】：西北工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM314

【参考文献】