百毫瓦同位素温差电池技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 18:48

本文选题：同位素温差电池 + 温差发电　；参考：《天津大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着空间应用需求的日益加大以及空间技术的不断成熟,人类空间的探索脚步逐渐走向太阳系,通过向火星、木星、土星、天王星、海王星和冥王星等外行星发射探测器,探索更远宇宙空间的奥秘。随着离太阳的距离越来越远,选择合适的能源为航天器提供动力,是深空探测中的一项重要议题。至今,在空间飞行器中都得到成功应用的能源有化学电池、太阳电池、蓄电池供电系统、燃料电池、放射性同位素温差发电器,而适用于深空探测、月球探测任务的,且最为成熟的无疑只有放射性同位素温差发电器。本文针对小型的百毫瓦同位素温差电池的设计、研制、测试方法开展了分析与实验研究。首先,对同位素温差电池(简称RTG,Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator)在空间技术领域应用的现状进行了文献调研;阐述了同位素温差电池的工作原理,对百毫瓦同位素温差电池的总体构型和设计技术指标进行了分析和性能计算;然后对百毫瓦同位素温差电池研制关键的温差电材料和温差电模块及性能测试进行了研究;最后完成了百毫瓦同位素温差电池的集成装配、性能测试和寿命预计。本论文的创新点在于:(1)首次在国内进行了基于Pu-238同位素热源的百毫瓦同位素温差电池的系统设计技术研究,并研制出国内第一台Pu-238放射性同位素温差电池;(2)在致冷应用的基础上,进行了Bi2Te3基温差发电材料的高温应用研究,达到了Bi2Te3基温电材料的低温发电应用要求;(3)进行了基于温差发电模块用Bi2Te3元件的长面比优化的试验研究,提高了温差发电模块的结构效率;(4)进行了电池寿命典型影响因素分析,验证了放电模式和辐照对电池寿命的影响。本论文在理论研究和实验研究的基础上,完成了百毫瓦同位素温差电池的设计和系统测试研究,论文中所阐述的温差电池设计、集成、性能评估方法将为今后深入研究同位素温差电池的设计和研制技术提供了研究思路和方法支持。
[Abstract]:With the increasing demand for space and the growing maturity of space technology, the pace of human space exploration is gradually moving towards the solar system. By launching probes to Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto, the mysteries of space are explored farther and farther from the sun. Energy is an important issue for spacecraft, which is an important issue in deep space exploration. So far, the successful applications of energy in space vehicles include chemical batteries, solar cells, battery power systems, fuel cells, and radioisotope thermoelectric generators, which are suitable for deep space exploration, lunar exploration, and the most mature. Only radioisotope thermoelectric generator. In this paper, the design, development and test method of the miniature 100 milliwatts isotope temperature difference battery have been developed and tested. First, the current status of the application of RTG (Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator) in the field of space technology is investigated and investigated. The principle of the isotope temperature difference battery is analyzed and the performance calculation is made on the overall configuration and the design technical index of the 100 milliwatts isotope temperature difference battery. Then the key thermoelectric materials and thermoelectric modules and the performance test of the 100 milliwatts isotope temperature difference battery are studied. Finally, the thermoelectric differential of the 100 milliwatts isotope is completed. The integrated assembly, performance testing and life expectancy of the pool are found in this paper: (1) the system design technology of 100 milliwatts isotope thermostatic battery based on Pu-238 isotopes was first studied in China, and the first Pu-238 radioisotope temperature difference battery was developed in China; (2) Bi2Te was carried out on the basis of the application of cooling. The high temperature application of the 3 base temperature difference power generation material has reached the requirements for the low temperature power generation application of the Bi2Te3 base temperature electric materials. (3) the experimental study on the optimization of the long surface ratio based on the temperature difference power generation module was carried out, and the structure efficiency of the thermoelectric power generation module was improved. (4) the typical influence factors of the battery life were analyzed, and the discharge mode was verified. On the basis of theoretical and experimental research, the design and system test of 100 milliwatts isotope temperature difference battery are completed on the basis of theoretical and experimental research. The design, integration and performance evaluation method of the thermostatic battery described in this paper will provide an in-depth study of the design and development of isotope thermostatic batteries for future research. The research ideas and methods are supported.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM913

【参考文献】