基于FPGA的异步电机无速度传感器矢量控制系统的研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 16:37

本文选题：矢量控制 + 无速度传感器　；参考：《东北大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：计算机控制技术的快速发展以及电力电子技术的日趋成熟,为异步电机交流调速系统的发展提供了理论及实际基础。同时,异步电机交流调速系统的控制也趋向数字化。简单的结构、可靠的工作性能以及制造容易等为异步电机突出的优点,因此被广泛应用于交流调速领域。在高性能的交流异步电机调速系统中,为克服速度传感器会带来的问缺点,深入研究无速度传感器技术具有广阔的发展前景以及实际意义。而随着FPGA器件的普及和发展,使FPGA能够实现复杂的控制算法。本文以FPGA为控制核心,设计了一套异步电机无速度传感器矢量控制系统。首先,介绍了异步电机在静止坐标系和旋转坐标系下的数学模型以及矢量控制的基础理论和基于SVPWM调制的转子磁场定向无速度传感器控制系统的基本结构。其次,通过对异步电机的数学模型的分析,构造了模型参考自适应系统来辨识转子速度,同时,针对传统模型参考自适应系统中PI调节器存在的一些不足,本文设计了一种基于滑模控制的MRAS (SM MRAS)。该方法不仅可以提高系统的抗扰性,而且还提高了系统的鲁棒性。然后在Matlab/Simulink的环境下,搭建了无速度传感器矢量控制系统的仿真模型,并对传统的MRAS和基于滑模控制的MRAS的仿真结果进行了对比,结果表明基于滑膜控制的MRAS对速度的辨识有动态响应好、稳态误差小的优点。最后,以ALTERA公司的EP4CE10E22C8为控制器,搭建了控制系统的实验平台,对FPGA控制电路、驱动电路、检测电路等进行了设计。软件部分,以Verilog为编程语言,在QUARTUS II的编程环境下,设计了坐标变换模块、转速辨识模块、SVPWM模块以及数字PI模块等,并在Modelsim环境下对其进行了仿真。在实验平台上对系统进行了初步的实验验证,结果表明基于滑模控制的MRAS速度估算的正确性,控制系统具有良好的性能。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of computer control technology and the maturation of power electronic technology provide a theoretical and practical basis for the development of asynchronous motor AC speed regulation system. At the same time, the asynchronous motor AC speed control system also tends to digital. Because of its simple structure, reliable working performance and easy manufacturing, it is widely used in the field of AC speed regulation. In the high performance AC asynchronous motor speed regulation system, in order to overcome the shortcomings of speed sensor, it has broad development prospects and practical significance to study speed sensorless technology in depth. With the popularization and development of FPGA devices, FPGA can realize complex control algorithms. In this paper, a speed sensorless vector control system for asynchronous motor is designed with FPGA as the control core. Firstly, the mathematical model of induction motor in static and rotating coordinate systems, the basic theory of vector control and the basic structure of speed sensorless rotor field oriented control system based on SVPWM modulation are introduced. Secondly, by analyzing the mathematical model of asynchronous motor, a model reference adaptive system is constructed to identify rotor speed. At the same time, some shortcomings of Pi regulator in traditional model reference adaptive system are pointed out. In this paper, a sliding mode control based MRAS SM MRASA is designed. This method can not only improve the immunity of the system, but also improve the robustness of the system. Then the simulation model of speed sensorless vector control system is built in the environment of Matlab/Simulink, and the simulation results of traditional MRAS and MRAS based on sliding mode control are compared. The results show that the MRAS based on synovial control has the advantages of good dynamic response and small steady-state error. Finally, using EP4CE10E22C8 of ALTERA Company as controller, the experimental platform of control system is built, and the control circuit, driving circuit and detecting circuit of FPGA are designed. In the software part, the coordinate transform module, the speed identification module and the digital Pi module are designed under the QUARTUS II programming environment with Verilog as the programming language, and the simulation is carried out under the Modelsim environment. The experimental results show that the MRAS speed estimation based on sliding mode control is correct and the control system has good performance.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM343

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