超高分辨率的复杂频率测量系统设计

发布时间：2018-06-05 10:51

本文选题：频率测量 + 相位重合检测　；参考：《西安电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代电子技术领域中,量子频标、通讯技术、高技术的频率控制装置、基础科学研究和科学仪器中存在着大量频率复杂的信号,对它们的精密测量和控制具有显著的科学意义,于是时间频率的测量和相关技术就变得极其重要。传统的技术一般是通过频率变换使参考信号的频率等同于被测信号的频率,或者采用了相关的如模拟内插、游标、时间-数字转换等高精度的时间间隔测量方法辅助测量,实现起来线路复杂,而且最终的测量精度仍然是有限的。如目前可能得到的最高精度均是在10-11/s量级。因此,针对复杂频率信号的行之有效的特高分辨率测量可以在多个领域的精度提高、功能扩展方面起到显著的作用。针对目前普遍使用的测频方法中存在的误差问题,本文基于相位重合点检测技术和边沿效应分析,提出一种全新的频率测量方法,不仅用于对信号频率的测量,还可扩展到频率信号的其他参数测量应用中。相位重合点检测技术是一项新的发现,本文对此理论及相关测量电路进行了详细的阐述,在群相位同步概念的基础之上,针对重合点模糊区不同,相位重合检测线路在延迟时间上的差异,使两个线路的模糊区边沿处相同位置的检出信息反相,根据离散模糊区的特点,对两个线路检测的结果进行“异或”处理便得到准确的模糊区边沿。以此为基础形成的测量闸门保证了信号间的相位群同步,从最大程度上抵消掉量化误差带来的影响,使测量精度取决于仪器装置测量分辨率的稳定度指标而非分辨率指标本身。这种测量始终保留信号的原始信息,可以对信号做相关相位处理,甚至进行频率信号其他物理量值的测试,得到的测频精度从10-12/s延续到10-17/数天。本文通过边沿效应实现检测信号间频率关系复杂时的测量,这种方法不需要经过复杂的频率变换,也没有专门的辅助精密时间测量途径,同时,它又是在相位处理基础上实现的可以得到很高的测量分辨率。文中对系统设计整体工作原理给出了详细的介绍,包括硬件部分的具体实现方法。系统中前期信号处理及放大整形采用ECL(Emitter Couple Logic)电路,重合检测采用CPLD(Complex Programmable Logic Device)设计完成,而后期需要进行的数据采集、处理、计数和显示则使用虚拟仪器Lab VIEW软件实现。实验证明,利用边沿效应进行重合检测所产生的闸门,使得测量精度仅仅取决于电路的稳定性指标而非分辨率指标,测量精度大幅度提高,达到2到3个数量级的提升。该方法具有较新的原理,测量精度高,设备简单,易于实现,且该测量系统具有体积小,可靠性高等优点。
[Abstract]:In the field of modern electronic technology, quantum frequency standard, communication technology, high technology frequency control device, basic scientific research and scientific instruments have a large number of complex frequency signals, which have significant scientific significance for their precision measurement and control. Therefore, the measurement of time frequency and related technology become extremely important. The traditional technique is to make the frequency of reference signal equal to the frequency of the measured signal by frequency conversion, or to use high precision time interval measurement methods such as analog interpolation, cursors, time-digital conversion and so on. The circuit is complex and the final measurement accuracy is still limited. For example, the highest accuracy currently available is in the order of 10-11 / s. Therefore, the effective ultra-high resolution measurement for complex frequency signals can improve the accuracy in many fields and play a significant role in function expansion. Aiming at the error problem in the frequency measurement method which is widely used at present, based on the phase coincidence point detection technique and the edge effect analysis, a new frequency measurement method is proposed in this paper, which is not only used to measure the signal frequency, but also to measure the frequency of the signal. It can also be extended to other parameter measurement applications of frequency signals. Phase coincidence detection is a new discovery. In this paper, the theory and related measuring circuits are described in detail. Based on the concept of group phase synchronization, the fuzzy region of coincidence point is different. The difference in delay time of phase coincidence detection line makes the detection information of the same position at the edge of the fuzzy zone of two lines to be detected inversely, according to the characteristics of the discrete fuzzy region, The "XOR" processing of the results of two line detection can get the exact edge of the fuzzy region. Based on this, the phase group synchronization between signals is ensured, and the influence of quantization error is eliminated to the maximum extent. The accuracy of measurement depends on the stability index of the measuring resolution of the instrument rather than the resolution index itself. This kind of measurement always retains the original information of the signal and can be processed by phase correlation, and even the other physical values of the frequency signal can be tested. The accuracy of the frequency measurement can be extended from 10-12 / s to 10-17 / days. In this paper, the edge effect is used to realize the measurement of complex frequency relationship between signals. This method does not need to go through complex frequency transformation, nor does it have a special auxiliary precise time measurement method, at the same time, It is realized on the basis of phase processing to obtain high resolution. The whole working principle of the system design is introduced in detail, including the realization method of the hardware part. In the early stage of the system, ECL(Emitter Couple logic circuit is used to process and amplify the signal, and CPLD(Complex Programmable Logic Device) is used to design the reclosing detection. The data acquisition, processing, counting and display are realized by the virtual instrument Lab VIEW software. It is proved by experiments that the accuracy of the gate generated by coincidence detection with edge effect is only determined by the stability index of the circuit rather than the resolution index, and the measurement accuracy is greatly improved to two to three orders of magnitude. This method has new principle, high measuring precision, simple equipment, easy to realize, and this measuring system has the advantages of small volume and high reliability.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM935.1

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