2:17型钐钴永磁材料微观分析研究及案例库

发布时间：2018-06-06 23:56

本文选题：SmCo永磁 + 显微分析　；参考：《电子科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：2:17型钐钴永磁材料凭借其在居里温度、温度稳定性和抗腐蚀等方面的突出性能,在航空、航天、航海等强调工作环境在较高温度和恶劣场合的领域发挥着不可替代的作用。近年来随着国防军工行业的快速发展,对永磁材料的使用温度和温度稳定性提出了更为严苛的要求。磁体工艺条件的控制直接影响着材料微观形貌和成分的均匀性,进而对产品最终的磁性能产生至关重要的影响。本文正是针对材料生产工艺中的一致性问题,借助包括扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱仪和X射线荧光光谱仪等多种现代电子显微分析技术对钐钴合金的相关问题进行了深入研究和讨论,主要工作内容和成果如下。(1)研究电子显微分析技术在钐钴永磁材料研究中的应用。利用扫描电镜的背散射成像和电子探针微区分析,明确了掺Gd钐钴和铒钴铸锭微观金相的分布情况和对应的微区成分变化;对比不同磨粉工艺得到粉末颗粒的微观形貌像,选择合适的工艺和粉体;观察不同时效时间试样金相图中析出相的分布情况,结合相关理论确定时效工艺的最佳时间。上述应用对该类材料粉末冶金工艺各个生产环节中的微观分析工作具有指导意义,奠定了后续工作的基础。(2)研究磁体高温时磁性能下降的原因。根据材料不同的相变温度,设置多个温度试验,对比不同温度处理后磁体的物相结构和标准材料之间的差异,并借助热金相显微镜对材料进行实时的高温金相观察,明确了其金相随温度的变化规律,最后根据样品的微观形貌和析出相成分分析结果,结合相关理论解释了磁性能下降的原因。(3)研究掺杂Er的低温度系数型钐钴永磁合金的成分测定问题。通过实际测量确定了合适的测试谱线和对应精确的衍射角从而削弱了谱线间相互干扰,采用粉末压片法配备不同Er含量的标准样品系列从而建立各元素的校正曲线,并通过标准曲线法消除了不同元素之间的吸收增强效应,建立了针对该类材料的X射线荧光光谱分析方法,同时结合理论计算和实际测量结果明确了实际工艺生产过程中引入的微量氧对分析结果造成的影响,最终实际测试结果表明本法的精密度和准确度满足一致性分析的需要,并且适用于工艺生产各个步骤得到的试样。(4)设计开发稀土钴永磁体微观分析案例及图谱库。利用Access存储底层数据,在Visual Studio平台上开发了数据库软件,并将历年来相关分析得到的原始数据和典型案例报告添加至此数据库,实现了检索、查阅、修改和添加等功能,保证了这些珍贵实验资料的有限存储和安全访问,使得后续研究人员可以高效率的借鉴这些研究成果。上述工作丰富了钐钴永磁微观研究理论和成分分析方法,为材料进一步理论研究和工艺控制提供了依据和参考。
[Abstract]:With its outstanding properties in Curie temperature, temperature stability and corrosion resistance, 2:17 samarium cobalt permanent magnet plays an irreplaceable role in the fields of aviation, aerospace and navigation. In recent years, with the rapid development of national defense industry, the temperature and temperature stability of permanent magnet materials are more stringent. The control of the process conditions of the magnets has a direct impact on the microstructure and the homogeneity of the composition of the materials, which in turn has a crucial effect on the final magnetic properties of the products. In this paper, we aim at the consistency problem in material production process. The related problems of samarium cobalt alloy have been deeply studied and discussed by means of many modern electron microanalysis techniques, including scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF). The main contents and results are as follows: 1) the application of electron microanalysis in the study of samarium cobalt permanent magnet materials. By means of SEM backscattering imaging and electron probe microanalysis, the distribution of microstructures and the corresponding composition changes of Gd-doped cobalt and erbium-doped cobalt ingot were determined, and the morphology of powder particles was obtained by comparing different grinding processes. The proper process and powder were selected, the distribution of precipitated phase in the metallographic diagram of different aging time was observed, and the optimum time of aging process was determined by combining with relevant theory. The above application is of guiding significance to the microscopic analysis of the powder metallurgy process of this kind of material, and lays a foundation for further research on the reasons for the decrease of magnetic properties of magnets at high temperature. According to the different phase transition temperatures of the materials, several temperature tests were set to compare the phase structure of the magnets and the differences between the standard materials after different temperature treatments, and the real time high temperature metallographic observation of the materials was carried out by means of the thermal metallographic microscope. The variation of metallography with temperature is clarified. Finally, according to the microstructure of the sample and the analysis results of the precipitated phase composition, In this paper, the reason for the decrease of magnetic properties is explained by the relevant theory.) the composition determination of low temperature coefficient samarium cobalt permanent magnet alloy doped with er is studied. Through the actual measurement, the appropriate test lines and the corresponding exact diffraction angles are determined, which reduces the interference between the spectral lines. The calibration curves of the elements are established by using the powder pressing method with standard sample series with different er contents. The absorption enhancement effect between different elements was eliminated by the standard curve method, and the X-ray fluorescence spectrum analysis method for this kind of material was established. At the same time, combined with the theoretical calculation and the actual measurement results, the influence of the trace oxygen introduced in the actual production process on the analysis results is clarified. The final test results show that the precision and accuracy of the method meet the needs of the consistency analysis. It is suitable for the design and development of rare earth cobalt permanent magnet microanalysis case and atlas library. This paper uses Access to store the underlying data, develops the database software on the Visual Studio platform, and adds the original data and typical case reports from related analysis over the years to the database, which realizes the functions of searching, consulting, modifying and adding, etc. It ensures the limited storage and secure access of these precious experimental data, so that the follow-up researchers can learn from these research results efficiently. The above work enriches the microcosmic research theory and component analysis method of samarium cobalt permanent magnet and provides the basis and reference for further theoretical research and technological control of materials.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM273

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