电力系统应急规划、调度与恢复的优化模型与方法研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 17:09

本文选题：电力系统 + 应急　；参考：《浙江大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,世界范围内发生了多起大面积停电事故,对社会和经济的发展造成严重影响。虽然建设智能电网能提高电力系统的自愈能力,但要完全避免大停电事故并不现实。因此,有必要建设高效可靠的电力应急管理平台,研究电力系统应急的关键技术,从而能正确和快速地处理和应对电力突发事件,减少停电损失。现有电力应急方面的研究主要集中于电力应急机制与平台的建立、应急预案的生成等方面,在电力系统应急优化技术方面的研究较为缺乏。在此背景下,本论文将优化理论引入电力系统应急领域,在电力系统应急规划、调度与恢复方面进行了深入的研究,提出了相应的优化模型与方法,取得了一定的研究成果：首先介绍了电力系统应急管理的基本概念和PPRR模型,并对该模型包含的4个典型环节进行了说明。归纳了我国电力系统应急管理存在的问题及需要研究的关键技术。针对电力应急服务点的选址问题,提出了考虑负荷点停电风险的电力应急服务点的选址优化模型。首先,由负荷点的缺电功率、负荷类型及停电概率确定其单位时间内的停电风险；然后,以各负荷点停电风险之和最小为目标建立电力应急服务点的选址优化模型,并针对实际中电力应急时限约束可能无法满足的问题,引入超时惩罚因子对模型进行扩充；最后,采用Floyd算法求解所发展的优化模型。算例结果表明,所提出的模型通过考虑各负荷点停电风险的差异性,在相当程度上避免了现有模型仅以应急时间最短为目标而可能造成实际停电损失较大的问题。针对城市移动应急电源的调度问题,构造了移动应急电源的双目标优化调度模型。该模型以各重要失电用户停电损失之和最小为主目标,以移动应急电源的富余容量最小为次目标。之后,针对该模型包含非线性的最大值函数和符号函数而难以求解的问题,通过引入0-1变量等措施将原模型转化为混合整数线性规划问题,并提出了一种基于分层序列法的求解方法。考虑了应急黑启动决策中的不确定性问题,提出了基于区间数的黑启动决策方法。首先,基于误差传递理论对形成的区间数黑启动决策矩阵进行规范化处理；然后,建立一个线性目标规划模型以求取理想权重向量；最后,采用电力应急决策者给定的风险态度因子对基于区间数的黑启动综合评价值进行排序。算例结果表明,提出的决策方法能更真实地描述实际决策过程,且属性值和权重都只需给出大致区间即可,这可以明显降低决策的难度。最后对论文中所做的研究进行简要总结,并指出该领域有待进一步研究的问题。
[Abstract]:In recent years, a large number of power outages have occurred in the world, which have a serious impact on social and economic development. Although the construction of smart grid can improve the self-healing ability of power system, it is not realistic to avoid blackouts completely. Therefore, it is necessary to build an efficient and reliable power emergency management platform and study the key technologies of power system emergency, so as to correctly and quickly deal with and respond to power emergencies and reduce power outages. The existing research on electric power emergency mainly focuses on the establishment of power emergency mechanism and platform, the generation of emergency plan and so on, but the research on power system emergency optimization technology is relatively lacking. In this paper, the optimization theory is introduced into the field of power system emergency, and the power system emergency planning, dispatching and restoration are deeply studied, and the corresponding optimization models and methods are put forward. Some research results are obtained: firstly, the basic concept of power system emergency management and PPRR model are introduced, and the four typical links of the model are explained. This paper summarizes the problems existing in power system emergency management in China and the key technologies that need to be studied. Aiming at the location problem of power emergency service points, an optimal location model of power emergency service points considering the risk of blackout at load points is put forward. Firstly, the blackout risk per unit time is determined by the power shortage, load type and blackout probability of the load point, and then the optimal location model of the power emergency service point is established with the minimum of the outage risk at each load point as the goal. Aiming at the problem that the time limit constraint of electric power emergency may not be satisfied in practice, the time-out penalty factor is introduced to expand the model. Finally, Floyd algorithm is used to solve the developed optimization model. The numerical results show that the proposed model takes into account the difference of blackout risk at different load points. To a certain extent, the problem that the existing models only take the shortest emergency time as the target and may result in large actual power outages is avoided. In view of the scheduling problem of urban mobile emergency power supply, a two-objective optimal scheduling model of mobile emergency power supply is constructed. The main objective of the model is to minimize the sum of outage losses of important power users, and the second objective is to minimize the surplus capacity of mobile emergency power supply. Then, aiming at the problem that the model contains nonlinear maximum function and symbol function, the original model is transformed into a mixed integer linear programming problem by introducing 0-1 variables. A method based on hierarchical sequence method is proposed to solve the problem of uncertainty in emergency black start decision, and a black start decision method based on interval number is proposed. Firstly, the interval number black start decision matrix is normalized based on error transfer theory. Then, a linear objective programming model is established to obtain the ideal weight vector. The risk attitude factors given by emergency decision makers are used to rank the comprehensive evaluation values of black-start based on interval number. The numerical results show that the proposed decision method can describe the actual decision-making process more truthfully, and the attribute values and weights can only be roughly defined. This can obviously reduce the difficulty of decision making. Finally, the research in this paper is briefly summarized, and the problems that need further study in this field are pointed out.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM73

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