基于记忆补偿算法的海上风机智能独立变桨策略研究与仿真

发布时间：2018-06-11 20:51

本文选题：海上漂浮式风机 + 独立变桨　；参考：《电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：风力发电作为近些年来一种新兴的清洁能源,产业规模日益扩大,传统的陆地风电已经无法满足日益增长的能源需求。相对于陆地上的风速,海风具有更广阔的风力资源,可以为电力系统提供更高价值的能源,其是在大多数国家的风电资源可开发的区域位于水深超过30米的位置,所以越来越多的海上风力发电机成为行业的主要研究重点。漂浮式风力发电机提供了一种可行的策略,使得风力发电机可以充分利用深海区域的风能资源。由于风机系统具有非常高的灵活性和复杂性,并且环境更加的多变,会引起离岸风机强烈的不稳定震荡,而这种震动会加快风电机组的零部件疲劳。特别是浮动平台受到波浪的冲击而受到的强烈载荷会对风机造成不可逆的损害,并且增加了人工维护的成本。由于海上风机的成本相比于陆地更加贵重,风机的维护以及载荷的抑制加重了风电厂商额外的成本。因此需要一个更加智能和强大的控制系统,不仅来满足额定功率控制,同时也能减少由于波浪冲击、风切变、塔影效应、斜流和湍流所对风力机结构造成的疲劳载荷。由于风机的控制主要目的为最大限度的提高风能的利用并且减少疲劳载荷,独立变桨控制成为一种有效的方法来调节输出功率和风机载荷的平衡。尤其当风速高于风力发电机的额定风速的时候,独立变桨控制提供了一种针对功率稳定和结构稳定非常有效的办法。本文针对海上漂浮式风力发电机提出了一种基于记忆补偿的模型优化的独立控制器,与传统的变桨控制器相比,它更可以更有效的降低了不对称气动载荷以及平台的不稳定振动。本文利用海上动力学模型分析,建立了风机的载荷模型,并且结合我们自身所开发的基于FAST的可视化风机整机仿真软件,对海上漂浮式风机进行了仿真和建模;并且在Matlab环境下进行了独立变桨模型的仿真验证,相比于传统的协同变桨可以更好的减小风机的疲劳;最后引入基于记忆补偿的模型最优化控制器来作为独立变桨模型的核心控制器,以一种追踪误差的思想,将载荷作为控制对象使之进行误差追踪来保证风机的稳定。分析和仿真结果表明,先进的控制策略在减小载荷的过程中有着更好的表现,其中包括风机的倾覆力矩和偏航力矩,增强了系统的稳定性和可靠性,为风力发电独立变桨领域提供了一条可行性思路。
[Abstract]:Wind power generation as a new clean energy in recent years, the scale of industrial expansion, traditional land-based wind power has been unable to meet the increasing energy demand. Compared to the wind speed on land, sea winds have a wider range of wind resources and can provide higher value energy for the power system, where wind power resources are exploitable in most countries at a depth of more than 30 meters. Therefore, more and more offshore wind turbines become the main research focus of the industry. Floating wind turbine provides a feasible strategy to make full use of deep sea wind energy resources. Because of the high flexibility and complexity of the fan system and the more changeable environment, it will cause the strong unstable vibration of offshore fan, which will accelerate the fatigue of wind turbine components. In particular, the strong load on the floating platform subjected to waves will cause irreversible damage to the fan and increase the cost of manual maintenance. Since the cost of offshore fans is more expensive than on land, fan maintenance and load suppression increase the additional costs for wind power producers. Therefore, a more intelligent and powerful control system is needed to not only meet the rated power control, but also reduce the fatigue load caused by wave shock, wind shear, tower shadow effect, oblique flow and turbulence. Since the main purpose of fan control is to maximize the utilization of wind energy and reduce fatigue load, independent variable propeller control has become an effective method to adjust the balance of output power and fan load. Especially when the wind speed is higher than the rated wind speed of the wind turbine independent variable propeller control provides a very effective method for power stability and structural stability. In this paper, a model optimization independent controller based on memory compensation is proposed for offshore floating wind turbine, which is compared with the traditional variable propeller controller. It can more effectively reduce the asymmetric aerodynamic load and the unstable vibration of the platform. In this paper, the load model of the fan is established by using the dynamic model of the sea, and the simulation and modeling of the floating fan on the sea are carried out based on the visual simulation software developed by ourselves based on fast. The simulation results of independent propeller model in Matlab environment show that compared with the traditional co-propeller model, the fatigue of fan can be reduced better. Finally, the model optimization controller based on memory compensation is introduced as the core controller of the independent propeller model. With the idea of tracking the error, the load is used as the control object to track the error to ensure the stability of the fan. The analysis and simulation results show that the advanced control strategy has better performance in the process of reducing the load, including the overturning moment and yaw moment of the fan, which enhances the stability and reliability of the system. It provides a feasible idea for wind power independent variable propeller field.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM315

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