50kW生物质气化发电机组的研制

发布时间：2018-06-13 19:45

本文选题：农林废弃物应用 + 生物质气化发电　；参考：《辽宁科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文设计并研制了一套生物质气化发电系统,其工艺为:首先将经过预处理的农林废弃物以空气做气化剂厌氧燃烧,生成的粗燃气通过旋风除尘、喷淋水洗、除湿和过滤等净化工艺后形成热值为5.0MJ/Nm3的生物质可燃气体,之后将可燃气体通入生物质燃气发电机发电,电量供当地饲料加工厂生产使用。余富的生物质可燃气体通过地下管网,送入农户家中供炊事用气使用。通过对生物质气化发电机组的测试,考核了生物质气化发电机组的燃料适应性;考核了白云石、石灰石以及镍基催化剂等催化剂的实际应用效果,包括对产出气体成分和热值的影响以及催化剂本身活性随时间和工况的变化;考核了生物质燃气发电机组的性能,特别是生物质气成分中H2组分含量对于内燃机爆燃的影响;考核了生物质燃气发电机组的尾气成分随发电机工况的变化情况,在此基础上对生物质气化发电系统进行合理的优化,以便于系统安全可靠平稳地运行。该系统设计合理,工艺简单,经过测试,其气化效率最高可以达到75%,燃气热值达到5MJ/Nm3,焦油和灰份含量普遍低于17mg/Nm3,燃气发电机热效率基本达到30%以上,达到了设计要求。本文还对生物质气化发电系统的投资和收益进行了估算,其财务净现值(财务基准收益率取5%)为131,547元,财务内部收益率为6.65%,完全可以商业化运营。其经济效益也非常可观,在改善生态环境、资源节约、人群健康和促进就业方面都能产生积极的作用。
[Abstract]:In this paper, a biomass gasification power generation system is designed and developed. The process is as follows: firstly, the pretreated agricultural and forestry wastes are anaerobic burned with air as gasifier, and the generated crude gas is dusted by cyclone and washed with water. After dehumidification and filtration, biomass combustible gas with a calorific value of 5.0 MJ / Nm3 was formed, and then the combustible gas was fed into biomass gas generator to generate electricity for local feed processing plants. Yufu's biomass combustible gas passes through underground pipe networks and is fed into farmers' homes for cooking gas. Through the test of biomass gasification generator set, the fuel adaptability of biomass gasification generator set is tested, and the practical application effect of dolomite, limestone and nickel-based catalyst is evaluated. The effects on the composition and calorific value of the produced gas and the change of the catalyst activity with time and working condition are included, and the performance of the biomass gas generator set is evaluated, especially the effect of the H _ 2 component in the biomass gas composition on the deflagration of the internal combustion engine. The variation of exhaust gas composition of biomass gas generator with generator working condition is examined. On the basis of this, the biomass gasification power generation system is optimized reasonably so that the system can run safely, reliably and smoothly. The system is reasonable in design and simple in technology. After testing, the gasification efficiency can reach 75%, the calorific value of gas reaches 5 MJ / Nm3, the tar and ash content is generally lower than 17 mg / Nm3, and the thermal efficiency of gas generator is above 30%, which meets the design requirements. This paper also estimates the investment and income of biomass gasification power generation system. Its financial net present value (financial benchmark rate of return 5) is 131547 yuan and the financial internal rate of return is 6.65 which can be operated commercially. Its economic benefits are also very considerable, which can play a positive role in improving ecological environment, saving resources, health of people and promoting employment.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM619;TK6

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