硅基太阳能电池高低温交变应力失效机理及表征方法研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 20:29

本文选题：太阳能电池 + 可靠性　；参考：《西安电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着人类社会越来越快的发展,人们亟需可代替化石燃料的新能源,即太阳能、生物质能、风能、海洋能、水能等。这些能源中,大部分都是来源于太阳能,并且由于太阳能取之不尽、用之不竭,在使用过程中无污染等特点,在这些新能源中占据着举足轻重的地位。对太阳能的利用主要有三种形式:光化学转换、光热转换和光电转换,其中,光电转换是使用太阳能电池来实现的。现阶段,对太阳能电池的研究主要集中在两个方面,一是提高太阳能电池的转换效率并降低成本,二是研究太阳能电池的质量并进行可靠性的分析,提高可靠性表征方法的灵敏度及准确性。我们主要关注太阳能电池的可靠性分析。目前,对太阳能电池可靠性的表征方法有很多,如通过测量太阳能电池的I-V特性,提取各种电学参量;用光学显微镜与扫描电子显微镜直接观察太阳能电池的缺陷;用场致发光研究太阳能电池反向击穿特性等等。但是这些方法对太阳能电池材料和结构的缺陷的灵敏度不够,测量方法复杂,对参数的提取方法不相同时结果差异较大。噪声作为太阳能电池质量和可靠性评估的一种工具,其有效性与灵敏性已经获得了广泛的认可,并且由于其无损的特性,噪声受到越来越多的研究者的重视。通过分析太阳能电池内部的缺陷及这些缺陷产生的噪声,就可以得到太阳能电池内部更多的可靠性信息。本文首先综述了太阳能电池的电学特性与噪声特性,在分析了高低温交变应力下硅基太阳能电池的失效模式与失效机理的基础上,制定了硅基太阳能电池高低温交变的实验方案,包括实验样品的选择、高低温交变应力实验条件的选择与实验过程的说明,同时根据实验室已有的设备提出了噪声测试方法。通过对实验结果的分析,说明了噪声表征太阳能电池可靠性的有效性与灵敏性。得到了太阳能电池噪声与各种参量的相互关系,即初始1/f噪声与寿命的变化正相关,与效率的变化反相关,与串联电阻的变化反相关和与并联电阻的变化正相关。最后,在载流子数涨落和迁移率涨落的1/f噪声模型基础上建立了太阳能电池1/f噪声的统一模型,并对太阳能电池噪声与各种参量的关系进行了理论分析。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of human society, new energy sources, such as solar energy, biomass energy, wind energy, ocean energy, water energy and so on, are urgently needed to replace fossil fuels. Most of these energy sources come from solar energy, and because of the inexhaustible, inexhaustible and non-polluting characteristics of solar energy, it plays an important role in these new energy sources. There are three main forms of solar energy utilization: photochemical conversion, photothermal conversion and photoelectric conversion. At present, the research on solar cells is mainly focused on two aspects: one is to improve the conversion efficiency and reduce the cost of solar cells, the other is to study the quality and reliability of solar cells. Improve the sensitivity and accuracy of reliability characterization. We focus on the reliability analysis of solar cells. At present, there are many methods to characterize the reliability of solar cells, such as extracting various electrical parameters by measuring the I-V characteristics of solar cells, observing the defects of solar cells directly by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. Field luminescence is used to study the reverse breakdown characteristics of solar cells and so on. However, the sensitivity of these methods to the defects of solar cell materials and structures is not enough, the measurement methods are complex, and the results are quite different when the extraction methods of parameters are different. Noise, as a tool for evaluating the quality and reliability of solar cells, has been widely recognized for its effectiveness and sensitivity. Because of its nondestructive properties, noise has been paid more and more attention to by more and more researchers. By analyzing the internal defects of solar cells and the noise caused by these defects, more reliability information can be obtained. In this paper, the electrical and noise characteristics of solar cells are reviewed, and the failure modes and failure mechanisms of silicon based solar cells under high and low temperature alternating stress are analyzed. The experimental scheme of high and low temperature alternation of silicon based solar cells was established, including the selection of experimental samples, the selection of experimental conditions of high and low temperature alternating stress and the explanation of the experimental process. At the same time, the noise measurement method was put forward according to the existing equipment in the laboratory. Through the analysis of the experimental results, the effectiveness and sensitivity of the noise characterization of the reliability of solar cells are demonstrated. The correlation between the noise of solar cells and various parameters is obtained, that is, the initial 1 / f noise is positively correlated with the change of life, the change of efficiency, the change of series resistance and the change of parallel resistance. Finally, based on the 1 / f noise model of carrier number fluctuation and mobility fluctuation, a unified model of solar cell 1 / f noise is established, and the relationship between solar cell noise and various parameters is analyzed theoretically.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM914.41

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