风力发电机变速控制系统研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 08:20

本文选题：风力发电机 + 叶尖速比　；参考：《东北大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：世界范围内的能源紧缺和环境恶化促进了风力发电行业的快速发展。变速风力发电机由于可以在较大范围内改变转速,跟随风速变化,保持最佳叶尖速比,实现最大风能捕获,因而成为风力发电机控制领域研究热点。工业现场较多采用的查表法或PI控制不能取得满意的控制效果,现有的非线性方法算法复杂,计算量大,难以在实际工业中实现。目前对能够支持高级控制算法验证的风力发电机仿真平台的研究还较少。因此对风力发电机变速控制系统的研究具有重要的理论意义和使用价值。本文以保持最佳叶尖速比为控制目标,提出了改进的虚拟未建模动态驱动的PI控制方法,开发了风力发电机变速控制软件仿真平台和半实物仿真平台,对所提方法进行了实验验证,说明了算法的有效性。所进行的主要研究工作有：(1)针对风力发电机模型结构和参数不确定性、强扰动和强非线性的特点,提出虚拟未建模动态驱动的风力发电机叶尖速比PI控制算法,该算法由PI控制器,虚拟未建模动态估计及补偿器,前馈补偿器和滤波器构成,能够削弱风速扰动及虚拟未建模动态对控制效果的影响,提高系统跟踪性能,具有简单易实现的特点。与一种状态反馈非线性控制方法的仿真对比实验也验证了所提算法的有效性。(2)为将虚拟未建模动态驱动的PI控制方法应用于真实风力发电机组,给出了实际风力发电机风能利用系数与叶尖速比函数关系拟合方法,解决了机理模型的不确定性。(3)针对风速计存在较大测量偏差的问题,以风力发电机自身作为风速测量装置,设计了基于卡尔曼滤波器和Newton-Raphson算法的风速估计器对风速进行估计,以该风速估计值计算参考转速可以提高系统风能捕获能力,同时以其作为前馈输入来提高系统抗扰动性能。(4)为验证算法性能,设计开发了风力发电机变速控制系统半实物仿真平台,采用了真实的工业控制器,由虚拟风力发电机模块、通信接口模块、信号处理模块、控制器模块、实时数据监视模块等组成,具备Simulink编程接口,为风力发电机高级控制算法的工业可实现性提供了实验平台。在上述实验平台上完成了本文所提方法的仿真实验并与采用相同控制参数的PI控制方法进行仿真实验对比,实验结果证明本文所提方法跟踪性能强,控制效果好。仿真实验过程同时说明了本文方法算法简单,易于在实际工业中实现。
[Abstract]:Worldwide energy shortage and environmental degradation promote the rapid development of wind power industry. Variable speed wind turbine can change the speed of wind in a large range, follow the change of wind speed, keep the best blade tip speed ratio, and realize the maximum wind energy capture, so it has become a research hotspot in the field of wind turbine control. Most of the methods used in industrial field, such as look-up table method or Pi control, can not obtain satisfactory control effect. The existing nonlinear methods are complex and computationally difficult to be realized in actual industry. At present, there are few researches on wind turbine simulation platform which can support the verification of advanced control algorithm. Therefore, the research on variable speed control system of wind turbine has important theoretical significance and practical value. In this paper, an improved Pi control method based on virtual unmodeled dynamic driving is proposed to keep the optimal blade tip speed ratio as the control target. The simulation platform of wind-turbine variable speed control software and the hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform are developed. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective. The main research works are as follows: (1) aiming at the characteristics of model structure and parameter uncertainty, strong disturbance and strong nonlinearity of wind turbine, a virtual unmodeled dynamic driven wind turbine tip speed ratio Pi control algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is composed of Pi controller, virtual unmodeled dynamic estimator and compensator, feedforward compensator and filter. It can weaken the influence of wind speed disturbance and virtual unmodeled dynamic on the control effect and improve the tracking performance of the system. It is simple and easy to realize. Compared with a state feedback nonlinear control method, the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is effective. (2) in order to apply the virtual unmodeled dynamic Pi control method to the real wind turbine, The fitting method of wind energy utilization coefficient and blade tip ratio function of actual wind turbine is given, and the uncertainty of mechanism model is solved. (3) aiming at the problem of large measurement deviation of anemometer, the wind turbine itself is used as wind speed measuring device. A wind speed estimator based on Kalman filter and Newton-Raphson algorithm is designed to estimate the wind speed. At the same time, it is used as feedforward input to improve the anti-disturbance performance of the system. (4) in order to verify the performance of the algorithm, a hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform for wind turbine variable speed control system is designed and developed. The communication interface module, the signal processing module, the controller module, the real-time data monitoring module and so on, have the Simulink programming interface, has provided the experimental platform for the wind turbine advanced control algorithm industrial realizability. The simulation experiment of the proposed method is completed on the above experimental platform and compared with the Pi control method with the same control parameters. The experimental results show that the proposed method has good tracking performance and good control effect. The simulation results also show that the method is simple and easy to be implemented in practical industry.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM315

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