节能技术评价与应用

发布时间：2018-06-29 06:12

本文选题：单耗分析理论 + 评价体系　；参考：《华北电力大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：任何对于能源利用系统中局部系统、设备节能技术改造,必然引起系统热力参数的变化,归结到能源利用本质上来,必然引起系统不可逆损失的变化；同时,在日常生活中,对于节能技术我们更多的关注是一次能源消耗的问题。本文基于单耗分析理论,推导出一般化节能量计算方法,从热力学实质上揭示出节能量正比于系统总熵产的减少；重点分析电厂中强化传热及余热利用技术改造节能量的计算,并分析节能技术改造对电厂热力系统的影响。针对强化传热节能评价的需要,首先开展了换热器的熵产分析,研究了换热器不可逆损失的构成及其影响因素。之后,针对电厂凝汽器强化传热节能改造,推导了实际节能量的计算公式,并开展了案例研究。对于余热引入电厂热力系统的节能量的定量计算,本文首先分析了余热引入对于热力系统的影响,并以某1000MW超临界机组为例,分析计算了余热引入热力系统不同加热器造成的汽轮机抽汽参数、内功率和厂用电等热经济性指标。同时为了可比性,本文还利用传统的等效热降等不同方法计算其节能量。结果表明,余热进入热力系统使汽轮机相关机组处于变工况运行状态,实际内功率增量小于等效热降法的计算结果。余热进入回热加热器的温度水平越高,节能效果越好,与此同时,低温省煤器的传热温差越小,投资成本越大。本文的主要目标是建立与完善基于单耗分析理论的统一化能源利用评价体系,取得第二定律分析应用研究的关键技术突破,使之能方便地服务于能源利用系统的节能设计、优化与评价。
[Abstract]:Any technical transformation of energy saving technology for local systems and equipment in energy utilization systems will inevitably cause changes in system thermodynamic parameters, which can be attributed to the essence of energy utilization and will inevitably lead to changes in irreversible losses of the system; at the same time, in daily life, We pay more attention to energy saving technology is a problem of energy consumption. Based on the theory of unit consumption analysis, a general energy saving calculation method is derived in this paper, which reveals that the energy saving is directly proportional to the reduction of the total entropy production of the system in thermodynamics, and emphatically analyzes the calculation of energy saving in the technical transformation of enhanced heat transfer and residual heat utilization in power plants. The influence of energy saving technology transformation on thermal system of power plant is analyzed. To meet the needs of heat transfer enhancement and energy conservation evaluation, the entropy production analysis of heat exchanger was carried out, and the composition of irreversible loss of heat exchanger and its influencing factors were studied. After that, the calculation formula of practical energy saving is derived for the retrofit of condenser heat transfer and energy saving in power plant, and a case study is carried out. For the quantitative calculation of energy saving of waste heat introduced into thermal system of power plant, this paper first analyzes the influence of waste heat introduction on thermal system, and takes a 1000MW supercritical unit as an example. This paper analyzes and calculates the thermal economic indexes of steam turbine extraction parameters internal power and auxiliary power caused by different heaters introduced into the thermal system of waste heat. At the same time, for the sake of comparability, the energy saving is calculated by using the traditional equivalent heat drop and other different methods. The results show that the residual heat entering the thermodynamic system makes the steam turbine related units in the state of operation under different working conditions and the actual internal power increment is less than the calculation result of the equivalent heat drop method. The higher the temperature level of the afterheat entering the regenerative heater, the better the energy-saving effect. At the same time, the smaller the difference of heat transfer temperature of the cryogenic economizer, the greater the investment cost. The main goal of this paper is to establish and perfect the unified energy utilization evaluation system based on the unit consumption analysis theory, to obtain the breakthrough of the key technology of the second law analysis and application research, so that it can serve the energy saving design of the energy utilization system conveniently. Optimization and evaluation.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM621

【参考文献】