高压电力电容器故障原因分析与保护研究

发布时间：2018-07-02 13:12

本文选题：并联电容器组 + 暂态过电压　；参考：《大连理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：电力系统的基本功能是要为用户供应优质、安全并且尽可能经济的电能,电力系统安全稳定运行取决于其各个组成部分的可靠运行。电力电容器是变电站中的基本设备,主要作用是控制无功潮流和功率因数来进行无功补偿。电力电容器由于需要频繁的操作,所以其在电网运行中发挥重要的作用,变电站电容器设备故障会严重威胁整个电网的稳定运行和用户生产生活。所以从用户和生产的角度来调查并分析电容器的故障模式,可靠性水平,故障原因和机制非常重要。本文对变电站10kv并联电容器故障原因以及保护方案进行了一系列研究来加强电力电容器应用的可靠性。本文有针对性的研究导致电容器故障的两个电网运行因素：暂态过电压和谐波电流。首先以大连某变电站10kV母线并联电容器组为分析平台结合现场电容器组的运行方式和变电站参数建立仿真模型,在对电容器投切过程进行充分理论分析的基础上,运用选择性暂态程序软件(ATP)对电容器投切过程进行仿真分析,给出电容器组分合闸操作时暂态过电压、过电流波形,分析其在不同因素改变下的变化规律。然后依据变电站的实际运行情况,建立了谐波分析等效模型,从理论上对谐波等效电路进行了分析,研究各次谐波导致谐波电流谐振放大的规律,讨论了串联电抗器对谐波放大的影响,并给出变电站的现场谐波参数测试结果。在故障原因分析的基础上,本文设计分析了两种相对应的保护方法：(1)采用可调串联电抗器。本文分析了合、分闸操作暂态过程和谐波放大过程中串联电抗器的作用,提出了串联可调式电抗器的方案来解决电抗器参数配置问题。(2)使用晶闸管投切电容器。本文提出利用晶闸管控制电容器的投切进行无功补偿的方案,实现在满足投、切条件的情况下无暂态投切过程,并通过MATLAB建立仿真。模型验证其可行性。
[Abstract]:The basic function of power system is to supply high quality, safe and economical electric energy to users. The safe and stable operation of power system depends on the reliable operation of each component of power system. Power capacitor is the basic equipment in substation. The main function is to control reactive power flow and power factor to compensate reactive power. Power capacitors need to be operated frequently, so they play an important role in the operation of power grid. The fault of capacitor equipment in substation will seriously threaten the stable operation of the whole power network and the production and life of users. Therefore, it is very important to investigate and analyze the fault mode, reliability level, fault cause and mechanism of capacitor from the point of view of user and production. In this paper, the fault cause and protection scheme of 10kv shunt capacitor in substation are studied to enhance the reliability of power capacitor application. In this paper, two operation factors of capacitor fault, transient overvoltage and harmonic current, are studied. Based on the analysis platform of 10 kV busbar shunt capacitor bank in a substation in Dalian, the simulation model is established based on the operation mode of field capacitor bank and substation parameters, and based on the theoretical analysis of the switching process of capacitor. The selective transient program software (ATP) was used to simulate and analyze the switching process of capacitors. The transient overvoltage and overcurrent waveforms were obtained when the components of capacitors were switched on and off. The variation rules of the transient overvoltage and overcurrent were analyzed under the change of different factors. Then according to the actual operation of the substation, the equivalent harmonic analysis model is established, the harmonic equivalent circuit is analyzed theoretically, and the law of harmonic current resonant amplification caused by each harmonic wave is studied. The effect of series reactor on harmonic amplification is discussed, and the measurement results of harmonic parameters in substation are given. On the basis of fault cause analysis, two corresponding protection methods are designed and analyzed: (1) adjustable series reactor is adopted. This paper analyzes the function of series reactor in the transient process of closing and opening operation and the process of harmonic amplification, and puts forward a scheme of series adjustable reactor to solve the problem of configuration of reactor parameters. (2) Thyristor switching capacitor is used. In this paper, a scheme of reactive power compensation with thyristor controlled capacitor switching is proposed to realize the no-transient switching process when the switching and switching conditions are satisfied, and the simulation is established by MATLAB. The model verifies its feasibility.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM531.4

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