并网型潮流发电系统电力变换装置研究

发布时间：2018-07-09 19:16

本文选题：水轮机 + 并网逆变器　；参考：《哈尔滨工程大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着环境污染的加剧,以及传统化石能源的日益枯竭,新能源开发已经迫在眉睫。海洋中储存着巨大的能量,包括潮流能,潮汐能和波浪能等,其中潮流能的开发已经比较成熟,已进行了若干次海上试验。本论文研究的内容是潮流能发电系统的电力变换装置,总体来说包括两大部分,第一部分是水轮机的最大功率跟踪;第二部分是逆变器并网控制。论文首先分析了潮流能开发的必要性与紧迫性,然后比较了几种电力变换装置方案,并从中选出了本文所采用的方案即永磁直驱系统方案。其次对所采用的电力变换装置进行了数学建模,以便其控制器的设计。然后研究了各部分电力变换装置的控制策略,包括水轮机的最大功率跟踪和并网逆变器的控制,其中并网逆变器的控制是本文研究的重点。在水轮机最大功率跟踪方面,采用了基于Boost电感电流闭环和爬坡自寻优的最大功率获取策略。首先建立了水轮机的数学模型,然后结合Boost的MATLAB仿真电路和水轮机仿真模型对MPPT算法进行了仿真,验证了 MPPT策略的正确性。在并网逆变器控制方面,首先研究了逆变器调制技术,在分析了两种调制技术的优缺点后最终选择了 SVPWM的逆变器调制技术。其次探索了逆变器的电网锁相技术,最终选择了一种可以抗电网不平衡的基于T/4延时的锁相技术。然后研究了并网逆变器的功率控制,最终采用了基于直流母线电压闭环,并网电流和电网电压同相位的单位功率因数控制方案。最后研究了逆变器的直流母线电压保护技术和逆变器出现孤岛现象的检测和对策。在以上理论研究后,做了系统的硬件电路设计,包括功率电路设计和控制电路设计。其中功率电路的设计又包括三相不控整流单元设计,Boost电路设计,以及并网逆变器电路设计,其中并网逆变器设计是本文的重点。控制部分的设计,主要包括AD采样电路设计,PWM信号隔离输出设计和控制系统电源设计。最后做了整个系统的仿真,包括水轮机,不可控整流桥,Boost系统,逆变器系统,电网等在一起的仿真,验证了以上理论的正确性。为了验证整个系统的抗干扰性能,研究了在水流速度突增和突减时的系统动态响应效果,实验结果表明系统抗干扰性能良好。在以上理论的基础上,最后做了硬件实验,验证了Boost电感电流闭环控制的可行性,实现了10KVA逆变器的并网控制。
[Abstract]:With the intensification of environmental pollution and the depletion of traditional fossil energy, the development of new energy is imminent. Great energy is stored in the ocean, including tidal energy, wave energy and so on. The main content of this thesis is the power conversion device of power flow power generation system, which consists of two parts: the first part is the maximum power tracking of the turbine, and the second part is the grid-connected control of the inverter. Firstly, the necessity and urgency of power flow energy development are analyzed, then several schemes of power conversion device are compared, from which the scheme of permanent magnet direct drive system is selected. Secondly, the mathematical model of the power conversion device is built so that the controller can be designed. Then the control strategy of the power converter is studied, including the maximum power tracking of the turbine and the control of grid-connected inverter, among which the control of grid-connected inverter is the focus of this paper. In the aspect of maximum power tracking of hydraulic turbine, the maximum power acquisition strategy based on boost inductor current closed loop and slope climbing self-optimization is adopted. Firstly, the mathematical model of hydraulic turbine is established, and then the MPPT algorithm is simulated with boost MATLAB simulation circuit and hydraulic turbine simulation model, which verifies the correctness of MPPT strategy. In the aspect of grid-connected inverter control, the inverter modulation technology is studied firstly. After analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the two modulation techniques, the SVPWM inverter modulation technology is finally selected. Secondly, the power grid phase-locking technology of inverter is explored, and a phase locking technology based on T- / 4 delay is chosen to resist the imbalance of power grid. Then the power control of grid-connected inverter is studied, and the unit power factor control scheme based on DC bus voltage closed loop, grid-connected current and grid voltage phase is adopted. Finally, the DC bus voltage protection technology of the inverter and the detection and countermeasure of the isolated island phenomenon of the inverter are studied. After the above theoretical research, the system hardware circuit design, including power circuit design and control circuit design. The design of power circuit includes the design of three-phase uncontrolled rectifier unit and boost circuit, and the circuit design of grid-connected inverter. The design of grid-connected inverter is the focus of this paper. The control part includes AD sampling circuit design PWM signal isolation output design and control system power supply design. Finally, the simulation of the whole system, including hydraulic turbine, uncontrollable rectifier bridge boost system, inverter system, power grid and so on, is done to verify the correctness of the above theory. In order to verify the anti-jamming performance of the whole system, the dynamic response effect of the system under the sudden increase and decrease of the flow velocity is studied. The experimental results show that the anti-jamming performance of the system is good. On the basis of the above theory, hardware experiments are done to verify the feasibility of boost inductor current closed-loop control, and the grid-connected control of 10KVA inverter is realized.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM612;TM464

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