基于矢量控制的交流电机变频调速系统的研究

发布时间：2018-07-09 19:26

本文选题：异步电机 + 模糊自整定PI控制　；参考：《东北石油大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文根据大庆油田油气水计量检测站的实际特点，研究了三相交流异步电动机的无速度传感器矢量变频调速系统，在石油生产领域，大庆油田油气水计量检定站是服务于大庆油田的检定检测各类流量计的单位，为满足各套标准装置的最大量程的设计要求，安装了多个不同功率的交流电机来泵水、泵油、吸气，供标准装置使用。日常生产时，标准装置的流通量需要根据国家计量检定规程规范的进行调整。当流通量相对较小时，电机依旧满负荷工作，形成了能源的浪费。通过对交流电机变频调速控制的研究，，改善计量站变频器的工作状态，使变频器的工作效率达到最优，达到节约能源，降低消耗的目的。在控制方法方面，对于大庆油田油气水计量检测站，能否精确地保持异步电机按照预定规律变化，主要取决于控制方法的优劣。PID控制具有原理简单，易于理解和掌握，其参数的物理含义非常明显。模糊控制就是利用模糊数学的基本思想和理论的控制方法，在传统的控制领域里，控制系统动态模式的精确与否是影响控制优劣的最主要关键，系统动态的信息越详细，则越能达到精确控制的目的。但对于过于复杂或难以精确描述的系统，则显得无能为力了。因此便尝试着以模糊数学来处理这些控制问题。本文设计的模糊自整定PI控制，在快速响应、控制超调等方面都有着显著的优势。在无速度传感器检测方面，传统的检测方法有很多，比如根据电机的模型进行计算法、自调节参考模型法、注入信号法、智能控制计算法等。但是无论何种方法都有各自不同的缺陷，本文主要对参考模型法进行了改进，经过坐标变换和利用电机的电压磁链方程与电流磁链方程计算之后，在与基本模型进行比较调节时，将PI环节的比例系数进行在线调整，以使获得的转速信号既快又准。本文设计的矢量控制系统充分考虑了以上的控制指标，再通过MATLAB仿真后得到了验证，对与异步电动机在油气水计量方面的应用具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:According to the actual characteristics of oil, gas and water metering station in Daqing Oilfield, the speed sensorless vector variable frequency speed regulating system of three-phase AC asynchronous motor is studied in this paper, which is in the field of petroleum production. Daqing Oilfield oil and gas water metering verification station is the unit that serves the Yu Daqing oil field verification and detection of various Flowmeters. In order to meet the design requirements of the maximum measuring range of each set of standard devices, a number of AC motors of different power have been installed to pump water and oil. Inhale for use by standard devices. In daily production, the flow volume of the standard equipment needs to be adjusted according to the national metrological verification regulations. When the flux is relatively small, the motor still works at full capacity, resulting in a waste of energy. Through the research on the frequency conversion speed control of AC motor, the working state of the frequency converter in the measuring station is improved, the working efficiency of the frequency converter is optimized, and the purpose of saving energy and reducing consumption is achieved. In terms of control methods, whether or not the asynchronous motor can be accurately changed according to the predetermined law for the oil, gas and water metering and testing station in Daqing Oilfield mainly depends on the merits and demerits of the control method. The pid control has a simple principle and is easy to understand and master. The physical meaning of the parameters is very obvious. Fuzzy control is to use the basic idea of fuzzy mathematics and the control method of theory. In the traditional control field, the accuracy of the control system dynamic mode is the most important key to control the merits and demerits. The more detailed the system dynamic information, the more detailed the system dynamic information is. The more accurate control can be achieved. But there is little that can be done with systems that are too complex or difficult to describe with precision. Therefore, we try to deal with these control problems with fuzzy mathematics. The fuzzy self-tuning Pi control designed in this paper has significant advantages in fast response and overshoot control. In speed sensorless detection, there are many traditional detection methods, such as calculation method based on motor model, self-adjusting reference model method, injection signal method, intelligent control calculation method and so on. However, no matter which method has its own defects, this paper mainly improves the reference model method, after coordinate transformation and calculation by using the voltage flux equation and current flux equation of the motor. When comparing with the basic model, the proportional coefficient of Pi link is adjusted online to make the speed signal obtained fast and accurate. The vector control system designed in this paper has fully considered the above control indexes, and has been verified by MATLAB simulation, which is of great significance to the application of asynchronous motor in oil, gas and water measurement.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM34

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