天然气冷热电联供能源系统运行机制优化分析

发布时间：2018-07-09 19:55

本文选题：天然气CCHP + 运行机制　；参考：《北京交通大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：天然气冷热电联供系统(Combined Cold Heat and Power, CCHP)是与大电网和天然气管网相连接的,向一定区域内的用户同时提供电能、冷能和热能的能源服务系统。电力装机容量在100MW级的天然气CCHP运行方式为“冷热电联供+调峰电厂”,容量较小的天然气CCHP则可常年稳定运行。天然气CCHP的优势在于冷热电三种能量形式的梯级利用,但是,用户侧冷热电负荷需求的不确定性使得大多数天然气CCHP运行于变工况状态。在较差的运行工况和负荷条件下,天然气CCHP不但不能节能,反而更加耗能,这将无法凸显和发挥天然气CCHP的高能效特性。因此,从能源综合的角度研究天然气CCHP的发电优化和制冷制热优化就显得尤为重要。首先,分析了天然气CCHP运行机制优化的必要性。总结了我国天然气发电现状,从范围经济学的角度探讨了发展天然气CCHP及其运行机制优化的意义。其次,研究了天然气CCHP对电能、冷能和热能的生产和优化过程。研究了天然气CCHP的动力子系统,供热子系统,供冷子系统和优化控制子系统等模块的工作原理,具体分析了广州大学城分布式能源站的生产工艺。再者,分析了天然气CCHP接入电力系统的影响。研究了天然气CCHP“并网不上网”和“并网且上网”的两种并网方式以及“冷热电联供”和“冷热电联供+调峰电厂”的两种运行方式。然后,建立了天然气CCHP运行机制优化模型。研究了系统的运行机理以及冷/热负荷跟踪和电负荷跟踪运行方式下系统的能量平衡关系。在传统运行机制优化模型的基础上,考虑在目标函数中增加开停机费用和环境成本,在约束条件中增加开停机次数约束和污染物排放量约束,构造了以年总费用最小和年环境成本最小为目标函数,以电量需求、冷量需求、热量需求、设备运行负荷、开停机次数和污染物排放为约束条件的天然气CCHP运行机制优化模型。最后,选取某天然气CCHP算例验证模型的可行性和优越性。运用MATLAB软件编程实现基于自然选择的PSO算法功能,在夏季典型日、冬季典型日和过渡季典型日以及全年运行优化情景下,对某天然气CCHP运行机制优化模型进行求解,并与传统运行机制优化模型进行对比,验证了本文模型的优越性。
[Abstract]:Combined Cold Heat and Power (CCHP) is an energy service system which is connected with large power grid and natural gas network and provides electricity, cold energy and heat energy to users in a certain area at the same time. The natural gas CCHP with 100MW installed capacity is operated by "combined cooling and heat power supply peak-shaving power plant", while the natural gas CCHP with small capacity can operate stably all year round. The advantage of natural gas CCHP lies in the cascade utilization of three kinds of energy forms. However, because of the uncertainty of consumer side cooling and hot electricity load demand, most natural gas CCHP runs in off-condition state. Under the poor operating conditions and load conditions, CCHP can not save energy, but consume more energy, which will not highlight and play to the high energy efficiency characteristics of CCHP. Therefore, it is very important to study the optimization of natural gas CCHP power generation and refrigeration heating from the perspective of energy synthesis. Firstly, the necessity of optimizing CCHP operation mechanism is analyzed. The present situation of natural gas power generation in China is summarized and the significance of developing natural gas CCHP and its operation mechanism optimization is discussed from the angle of scope economics. Secondly, the production and optimization process of natural gas CCHP to electric energy, cold energy and heat energy are studied. The working principle of the power subsystem, heating subsystem, cooling subsystem and optimization control subsystem of CCHP is studied, and the production process of distributed energy station in Guangzhou University City is analyzed in detail. Furthermore, the influence of natural gas CCHP access to power system is analyzed. In this paper, two modes of natural gas CCHP "no grid connection" and "combined cooling and heat supply" and "peak-shaving power plant" are studied. Then, the operation mechanism optimization model of natural gas CCHP is established. The operation mechanism of the system and the energy balance relationship between cold / hot load tracking and electric load tracking are studied. On the basis of the traditional operation mechanism optimization model, the cost of starting and stopping and the environmental cost are increased in the objective function, the number of times and the emission of pollutants are increased in the constraint condition. Based on the objective function of minimum annual total cost and minimum annual environmental cost, the optimization model of CCHP operation mechanism of natural gas is constructed, which takes the demand for electricity, cooling capacity, heat demand, operation load of equipment, times of start-up and shutdown and pollutant emission as constraints. Finally, a natural gas CCHP example is selected to verify the feasibility and superiority of the model. The function of PSO algorithm based on natural selection is realized by using MATLAB software. Under the typical days in summer, the typical days in winter and the typical days in transition season, and in the situation of annual operation optimization, the optimization model of CCHP operation mechanism of a natural gas is solved. Compared with the traditional operation mechanism optimization model, the superiority of this model is verified.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM611

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