基于电压型磁链观测器的异步电机无速度传感器矢量控制研究

发布时间：2018-07-22 19:33

【摘要】：矢量控制技术的出现,彻底打破了直流调速在变速系统领域的垄断局面,使交流调速开始得到快速发展,其中异步电机以其制造简单、成本低、可靠性高等优势越来越广泛的应用于工、农业生产以及社会生活中。无速度传感器控制以其成本低、可靠性高等优势成为了工业应用和学术研究的热点。本文对异步电机基于定子磁场定向的矢量控制技术和无速度传感器控制中的磁链、速度观测技术进行了相关研究。建立了基于定子磁场定向的感应电机矢量控制结构,并着重对电压型观测器进行了分析研究。首先,通过对电机数学模型的研究和分析,建立了基于定子磁场定向的动态电机模型,对定子磁场定向下的控制环进行了解耦分析与设计,得到了对应的异步电机矢量控制系统模型。建立了基于Matlab/Simulink模块的仿真平台和基于dSPACE控制系统的实验平台,在仿真平台和实验平台上对所设计的控制环进行了验证,确定了控制环参数,为以后的研究奠定基础。其次,研究了一种具有较好低速性能的电压型磁链观测器—Holtz型磁链观测器。基于线性化理论建立了该观测器的小信号模型,得出了观测器反馈系数与动态响应之间的关系。进一步分析了观测器输入存在误差的情况下,反馈系数对磁链观测结果的影响。基于对综合性能的分析,提出了一种跟随同步角频率变化的自适应反馈系数设计方法,并进行了大量的仿真和实验验证,证明应用该自适应反馈系数设计方法,观测器在高速和低速下均能获得良好的动态和稳态性能。最后,基于设计的电压型观测器,建立了定子磁场定向下的异步电机无速度传感器矢量控制系统。进一步对该观测器的参数敏感性进行了分析,并通过仿真和实验平台进行了验证,得到了磁链观测只与定子电阻相关、速度观测受励磁电感变化的影响非常小的结论。
[Abstract]:The emergence of vector control technology has completely broken the monopoly of DC speed regulation in the field of speed change system, and made the AC speed regulation begin to develop rapidly, among which the asynchronous motor is easy to manufacture and low in cost. High reliability advantages are more and more widely used in industrial, agricultural production and social life. Speed sensorless control has become the focus of industrial application and academic research because of its advantages of low cost and high reliability. In this paper, the vector control technology of induction motor based on stator flux orientation and flux linkage and velocity observation technology in sensorless control are studied. The vector control structure of induction motor based on stator flux orientation is established, and the voltage source observer is analyzed. Firstly, through the research and analysis of the mathematical model of the motor, the dynamic motor model based on the stator flux orientation is established, and the decoupling analysis and design of the control loop under the stator flux orientation are carried out. The corresponding vector control system model of asynchronous motor is obtained. The simulation platform based on Matlab / Simulink module and the experimental platform based on DSpace control system are established. The designed control loop is verified on the simulation platform and experimental platform, and the parameters of the control loop are determined, which lays a foundation for future research. Secondly, a voltage type flux observer-Holtz flux observer with good low speed performance is studied. Based on the linearization theory, the small signal model of the observer is established, and the relationship between the feedback coefficient and the dynamic response of the observer is obtained. Furthermore, the effect of feedback coefficient on the flux observation results is analyzed when the observer input error exists. Based on the analysis of the comprehensive performance, an adaptive feedback coefficient design method with synchronous angular frequency variation is proposed, and a large number of simulations and experiments are carried out to verify the application of the adaptive feedback coefficient design method. The observer can obtain good dynamic and steady performance at both high speed and low speed. Finally, a speed sensorless vector control system for induction motor based on the designed voltage source observer is established. The parameter sensitivity of the observer is further analyzed and verified by simulation and experiment platform. It is concluded that the flux observation is only related to the stator resistance and the velocity observation is very little affected by the change of excitation inductance.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM343

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