光面晶体硅—陷光膜复合的太阳能电池光电特性研究

发布时间：2018-07-23 14:05

【摘要】：太阳能电池是利用半导体材料光生伏特效应来工作的器件,能够将太阳光的能量直接转化为电能。近年来,在各国利好政策的支持下,光伏产业发展迅猛。晶体硅电池以其性价比高的优势在光伏市场一直占据主流地位。围绕晶体硅电池吸光率及光电转换效率的提高,本文进行了系列的相关研究。采用化学抛光处理得到光滑的晶体硅表面,去除晶体硅片表面的损伤层,光面晶体硅片所制作的电池具有较高的光生伏特效应,但是光面晶体电池表面的反射损失高达30%左右。目前主要采用制绒工艺获得绒面结构来减少其表面反射损失,但绒面结构会导致晶体硅高温扩散不一致、晶格位错缺陷、接触电阻增大等不利因素的凸显,从而削弱晶体硅电池的光生伏特效应。本文研究一种陷光膜复合至光面晶体硅表面,以提高光面晶体硅电池的吸光率,并保持其较高的光生伏特效应,得到了高效率的光面晶体硅-陷光膜复合电池。本文主要从以下几个方面展开研究:1)分析各种晶体硅的表面制绒方法及其表面结构,研究晶体硅电池表面微结构对其光学性能及光生伏特效应的影响。实验制作光面晶体硅电池和不同尺寸微结构的绒面晶体硅电池,观察各种晶体硅电池的表面形貌,并测试其吸光率及转换效率。撇开吸光率的影响,分析不同表面形貌对晶体硅电池的光生伏特效应的影响规律,通过实验得到了光面晶体硅电池具有最佳的光生伏特效应。2)分析晶体硅电池绒面结构的陷光原理,根据陷光原理设计陷光膜的表面形貌及结构,通过理论计算及软件模拟优化陷光膜结构参数。根据晶体硅的折射率及多层膜减反射原理选择合适的陷光膜材质,研究其加工工艺,制作出陷光膜并测试其表面粗糙度。3)研究层压复合工艺及胶粘复合工艺,结合陷光膜材质及晶体硅电池,优化光面晶体硅-陷光膜复合电池的结构,构建高效的光面晶体硅-陷光膜复合电池模型。实验制作光面晶体硅-陷光膜复合电池,实验分析复合电池的光学和电学特性。通过以上研究,确定出高光生伏特效应的光面晶体硅电池及其制作工艺,设计低反射损失的陷光膜,通过将陷光膜复合至光面晶体硅电池表面,提高光面晶体硅电池的吸光率,从而获得较高转换效率的复合电池。获得的复合电池转换效率为18.1%,比相同基材的绒面晶体硅电池的转换效率提升1.6%。
[Abstract]:Solar cells are devices that work by using the photovoltaic effect of semiconductor materials, which can convert solar energy directly into electric energy. In recent years, under the support of favorable policies, photovoltaic industry is developing rapidly. Crystal silicon cells have always occupied the mainstream position in the photovoltaic market because of their high performance-to-price advantage. A series of related studies have been carried out to improve the absorptivity and photoelectric conversion efficiency of crystalline silicon cells. The smooth crystal silicon surface was obtained by chemical polishing, and the damage layer on the crystal silicon surface was removed. The photovoltaic effect of the battery made by the smooth crystal silicon wafer was higher, but the reflection loss of the smooth crystal cell surface was about 30%. In order to reduce the surface reflection loss, the cashmere structure is mainly used to reduce the surface reflection loss. However, the flannel structure will lead to the inconsistency of crystal silicon diffusion at high temperature, the lattice dislocation defect, the increase of contact resistance, and so on. Thus the photogenerated volt effect of crystalline silicon cell is weakened. In order to improve the absorbency and maintain the high photovolt effect, a kind of photovoltaic composite cell with high efficiency has been obtained by using a kind of trapping film composite to the surface silicon surface crystal silicon surface in order to improve the absorbency of the crystal silicon cell and maintain its high photogenerated volt effect. In this paper, we mainly analyze the surface velvet making methods and surface structure of various crystalline silicon from the following aspects: 1) and study the influence of the surface microstructure on the optical properties and photovolt effect of crystalline silicon cells. The smooth crystal silicon cell and the flannel crystal silicon cell with different sizes were fabricated. The surface morphology of various crystal silicon cells were observed and their light absorption and conversion efficiency were measured. The influence of different surface morphology on photogenerated volt effect of crystal silicon cell is analyzed, and the influence of absorption ratio on the photovolt effect is analyzed. The experimental results show that the crystal silicon cell has the best photogenerated volt effect (.2). The surface morphology and structure of the film are designed according to the principle of trapping light. The structural parameters of the trapping film were optimized by theoretical calculation and software simulation. According to the refractive index of crystal silicon and the antireflection principle of multilayer film, the suitable material of the film is selected, the processing technology of the film is studied, the trapping film is made and its surface roughness is measured. (3) the laminated composite process and the adhesive composite technology are studied. The structure of crystal silicon-trapping film composite battery was optimized by combining the material of optical trapping film and crystal silicon cell, and an efficient model of crystal silicon-trap film composite battery was constructed. The optical and electrical properties of the crystal silicon-trapping film composite battery were analyzed experimentally. Through the above research, the high photovoltaic crystal silicon cell and its fabrication process are determined, and the low reflection loss trapping film is designed. By combining the trapping film on the surface of the smooth crystal silicon cell, the absorptivity of the smooth crystal silicon cell is improved. Thus, the composite battery with high conversion efficiency is obtained. The conversion efficiency of the composite battery is 18.1g, which is 1.6 higher than that of the suede crystal silicon cell with the same substrate.
【学位授予单位】：集美大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM914.4

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