微网建模仿真与能量管理控制研究

发布时间：2018-08-04 13:45

【摘要】：随着世界范围内能源枯竭，环境污染，传统的大电网的弊端越来越突出，采用可再生能源发电的分布式供电方式已受到越来越多的关注。为了使分布式电源的优势得到充分发挥，减轻电网负担，提高供电可靠性、稳定性和经济性，微网应运而生。首先，本文介绍了微网的基本组成和结构，对微网的运行特点和关键技术进行简单的描述，并列举了国内外微电网特点及示范工程的构成和运行现状。其次，在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建了微网各部分的模型。根据光伏电池的数学模型，搭建光伏电池阵列模型、升压电路、并网逆变电路模型，并实现最大功率跟踪，通过仿真验证了模型的有效性；建立了恒速恒频的直驱式永磁风机发电机模型，研究分析其拓扑结构、控制方法；研究了微型燃气轮机模型、控制部分，并对负荷变化时各个部分输出情况进行了仿真讨论分析；分别介绍了储能系统的储能部分、充放电部分和逆变器部分。然后，，在对逆变器数学模型分析的基础上，分析介绍并仿真了基于dq0坐标系下的功率（PQ）控制及下垂（Droop）控制的两种控制仿真模型，这两种模型均可以实现对逆变器接口电源的控制要求，在这两种控制模型的基础上，建立了微网主从控制策略综合控制模型。最后，在建立的微网基础上进行了微网能量管理控制研究，分析了孤岛情况和并网情况下的能量管理策略，并对孤岛情况下，负荷投切和负荷变化的情况进行仿真验证，在并网条件下，对当各个分布式电源输出功率大小发生改变时的情况下进行仿真，总结了并网到孤岛的孤岛检测方法，比较了孤岛到并网条件中的电压大小和相位影响大小，并得出结论，对并网到离网再到并网的切换进行仿真；电能质量管理也是微网能量管理的重要部分，不同形式的电压质量问题，如电压跌落、电压不平衡等都可能造成严重的经济损失，提出并设计了微网的电能质量管理的方案。仿真结果证明了本文的微网系统具有较好的动态特性，为建立微网的仿真控制和能量管理平台提供了参考。
[Abstract]:With the worldwide energy depletion and environmental pollution, the disadvantages of the traditional large power grid are becoming more and more prominent, and the distributed power supply mode using renewable energy has been paid more and more attention. In order to give full play to the advantages of distributed generation, lighten the burden of power grid, improve the reliability, stability and economy of power supply, microgrid emerges as the times require. Firstly, this paper introduces the basic composition and structure of microgrid, describes the operation characteristics and key technologies of microgrid, and enumerates the characteristics of microgrid at home and abroad and the construction and operation status of demonstration project. Secondly, the model of each part of microgrid is built in PSCAD/EMTDC. According to the mathematical model of photovoltaic cell, the photovoltaic cell array model, boost circuit, grid-connected inverter circuit model are built, and the maximum power tracking is realized. The validity of the model is verified by simulation. The model of direct-drive permanent magnet fan generator with constant speed and constant frequency is established, its topology and control method are analyzed, and the model and control part of micro-gas turbine are studied. The output of each part is simulated and analyzed, and the energy storage part, charge / discharge part and inverter part of the energy storage system are introduced respectively. Then, on the basis of analyzing the mathematical model of inverter, two control simulation models of power (PQ) control based on dq0 coordinate system and droop (Droop) control are introduced and simulated. Both models can meet the control requirements of the inverter interface power supply. Based on these two control models, the integrated control model of master slave control strategy for microgrid is established. Finally, on the basis of the established microgrid, the energy management strategy of the microgrid is analyzed, and the load switching and load changing in the isolated island situation are verified by simulation. Under the condition of grid-connected, the simulation is carried out when the output power of each distributed power source changes, and the detection method of isolated island connected to the island is summarized, and the influence of voltage and phase in the condition of islanding to grid-connected is compared. It is concluded that power quality management is also an important part of microgrid energy management, and different forms of voltage quality problems, such as voltage sag, are simulated for switching from grid-connected to off-grid and then to grid-connected, and power quality management is also an important part of micro-grid energy management. Voltage imbalance may cause serious economic losses. A scheme of power quality management for microgrid is proposed and designed. The simulation results show that the microgrid system in this paper has good dynamic characteristics and provides a reference for the establishment of simulation control and energy management platform of microgrid.
【学位授予单位】：上海电力学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM73

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