真空断路器永磁操动机构性能分析与优化设计

发布时间：2018-10-19 13:15

【摘要】：提高电网智能化水平是电力工业适应未来可持续发展的要求,积极应对未来挑战的选择。智能配电网是智能电网的重要组成部分,是直接与用户相连并向用户分配电能的环节,与人们生活密切相关。断路器作为配电网的重要设备,其动作可靠性的高低直接影响着配电网的稳定与否。智能电网要求开关设备具有高可靠性、快速动作能力以及更小的分散性等。永磁机构自身具有的结构简单、机械可靠性高、易于实现控制、永磁保持能耗低等特点,使之成为断路器的一种重要操动机构,有助于实现断路器的智能化。以现有单稳态永磁操动机构为研究对象,寻找优化永磁机构性能的方法,提出了一种新型的包含两个动铁心的双动铁心永磁操动机构。实验表明,其对永磁机构性能的提高效果显著。分析了永磁机构的概况,包括永磁机构的发展历程、重要产品、市场现状、我国永磁机构的发展过程与存在的问题等。分析了永磁机构的结构特点与工作原理,并对单稳态永磁机构和双稳态永磁机构进行了全面的比较。选取单稳态永磁机构作为研究对象,分析了其静态特性和动态特性,并运用数值分析方法与计算机仿真技术对永磁机构的特性进行计算。永磁机构的结构尺寸影响机构动作过程中磁路的饱和度,饱和度的高低会对机构性能产生不同程度的影响。据此提出了利用调整磁路饱和度的方法优化永磁机构性能,研究了磁路饱和度与永磁机构性能的关系,通过Ansoft Maxwell确定最优尺寸并与原机构进行比较,得到性能更优的永磁机构。为降低永磁机构的动作能耗,提出了一种包含两个动铁心的新型永磁机构。新机构在传统机构单动铁心的上部增加一个辅动铁心,在合闸过程中可以起到将部分气隙短路的作用,能够有效降低合闸能量,降低灭弧室刚合速度,延长断路器寿命。确定机构尺寸,结果表明,新型机构在分、合闸多项性能指标上,较传统机构有所提高。作为还有待完善的一种机构,其具有一定的上升空间。
[Abstract]:To improve the intelligent level of power grid is the choice of power industry to adapt to the future sustainable development and actively meet the challenges in the future. Smart distribution network is an important part of smart grid. It is a link that connects directly with users and distributes electricity to users. It is closely related to people's lives. As an important equipment of distribution network, the reliability of circuit breaker's action directly affects the stability of distribution network. Smart grid requires high reliability, fast action and less dispersion of switchgear. The permanent magnet mechanism has the characteristics of simple structure, high mechanical reliability, easy control and low energy consumption, which makes it an important operating mechanism for circuit breakers and helps to realize the intelligence of circuit breakers. A new type of double core permanent magnet actuator with two moving cores is proposed, which is based on the existing monolithic permanent magnet actuator and the method of optimizing the performance of the permanent magnet mechanism. The experimental results show that the performance of the permanent magnet mechanism is improved remarkably. This paper analyzes the general situation of permanent magnet mechanism, including the development course of permanent magnet mechanism, important products, market situation, the development process and existing problems of permanent magnet mechanism in China. The structure characteristics and working principle of the permanent magnet mechanism are analyzed, and the comparison between the Monostable permanent magnet mechanism and the bistable permanent magnet mechanism is made. The static and dynamic characteristics of the monolithic permanent magnet mechanism are analyzed, and the characteristics of the permanent magnet mechanism are calculated by numerical analysis and computer simulation. The structure size of the permanent magnet mechanism affects the saturation of the magnetic circuit in the course of the mechanism operation, and the degree of saturation affects the performance of the mechanism to varying degrees. Based on this, the method of adjusting magnetic circuit saturation is put forward to optimize the performance of permanent magnet mechanism. The relationship between magnetic circuit saturation and permanent magnetic mechanism is studied. The optimal size is determined by Ansoft Maxwell and compared with the original mechanism, and a better permanent magnetic mechanism is obtained. In order to reduce the action energy consumption of the permanent magnet mechanism, a new type of permanent magnet mechanism with two moving cores is proposed. The new mechanism adds an auxiliary core to the upper part of the single moving core of the traditional mechanism, which can short-circuit part of the air gap in the closing process, which can effectively reduce the closing energy, reduce the starting speed of the interrupter, and prolong the life of the circuit breaker. The results show that the new mechanism is better than the traditional mechanism in many performance indexes. As a kind of organization that needs to be perfected, it has certain rising space.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM561

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