基于突变理论的低压故障电弧检测方法研究

发布时间：2018-10-21 10:16

【摘要】：近几年来电气故障严重影响了供电的可靠性及人民的生命财产安全,其中故障电弧是引发电气故障的重要因素,其容易发生在住宅,商场,矿井,飞机,汽车等配电系统的任意位置。线缆及配电设备的破损、老化、连接松动等都易导致电火花和电弧的产生。由于串联电弧电流有效值往往小于正常电流使得现有保护装置不动作,电弧持续发展将产生局部高温易损坏配电设备,引发火灾事故。突变理论是研究连续发展过程中出现的突变现象。线路由正常运行到电弧产生也是一种突变现象。因此,突变理论是研究故障电弧所适用的理论。基于此,本文提出了基于突变理论的故障电弧检测方法。本文主要研究低压配电线路及配电设备内的串联故障电弧,并设计了电弧断路器,意在用于配电柜,配电盘等的内部,保护柜内开关设备及线路。首先,为了深入研究低压故障电弧的特性,本文搭建了故障电弧实验平台,开展了多种典型负载的电弧故障模拟实验,采集了大量数据。根据电弧电流的突变特点,通过积分、均方根运算,小波分析和傅里叶分析对电流时域、时频域和频域突变特征进行提取。定义了积分值变化系数,相邻周期均方根,高频变化系数和高次谐波分量变化量四个特征量表征电流突变。其次建立故障电弧评价模型,采用突变理论评价指标的研究方法对提取的多个特征量的突变隶属度综合评价,评价值作为故障电弧的评价指标。结果表明电弧故障前后两个周期的电流特征量及故障电弧评价指标相比正常运行时明显增大。通过设定阈值和多次检测能有效判别不同类型负载电弧故障及区分负载启动和改变时的电流,有很好的泛化性和鲁棒性。最后,基于dsPIC30f2010数字信号处理器进行了故障电弧断路器的软硬件设计,完成了电流的检测、故障显示、按键测试、断路器脱扣驱动等功能。
[Abstract]:In recent years, electrical failures have seriously affected the reliability of power supply and the safety of people's lives and property, among which the fault arc is an important factor causing electrical failures, and it is easy to occur in residential, shopping malls, mines, planes, etc. The arbitrary position of a distribution system, such as a car. The breakage, aging and loosening of cables and distribution equipment will easily lead to the generation of electric sparks and electric arcs. Because the effective value of series arc current is often less than normal current, the existing protective device is not active, the continuous development of arc will produce local high temperature and easily damage distribution equipment, and cause fire accident. Catastrophe theory is a kind of catastrophe phenomenon in the process of continuous development. The circuit from normal operation to arc production is also a sudden phenomenon. Therefore, the catastrophe theory is applicable to the study of fault arc. Based on this, a fault arc detection method based on catastrophe theory is proposed. This paper mainly studies the series fault arc in the low voltage distribution line and the distribution equipment, and designs the arc circuit breaker, which is intended to be used in the interior of the distribution cabinet, the distribution panel and so on, and to protect the switchgear and circuit inside the cabinet. Firstly, in order to study the characteristics of low-voltage fault arc, a fault arc experiment platform is built, and a lot of data are collected. According to the abrupt characteristics of arc current, the abrupt characteristics of current in time domain, time frequency domain and frequency domain are extracted by integration, root mean square operation, wavelet analysis and Fourier analysis. Four characteristic variables, including integral value variation coefficient, adjacent periodic root mean square, high-frequency variation coefficient and high-order harmonic component variation, are defined to characterize the current mutation. Secondly, the evaluation model of fault arc is established, and the evaluation value is used as the evaluation index of fault arc by using the research method of catastrophe theory evaluation index to evaluate the mutation membership degree of several characteristic variables extracted. The results show that the current characteristic and the evaluation index of the fault arc in the two periods before and after the arc fault are obviously increased compared with the normal operation. By setting threshold and detecting several times, it can effectively distinguish different types of arc faults and distinguish the current when the load starts and changes. It has good generalization and robustness. Finally, the hardware and software design of fault arc circuit breaker based on dsPIC30f2010 digital signal processor is carried out, and the functions of current detection, fault display, key test and tripping drive of circuit breaker are completed.
【学位授予单位】：河南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM507

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