异步电机无速度传感器矢量控制系统的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-10-26 15:08

【摘要】：异步电机因结构简单、性能高等优点在调速领域中得到广泛应用。在其转速闭环控制中，为获得转速信息而安装的机械式速度传感器不仅增加了系统的成本，而且限制了应用范围并降低了系统的可靠性。因此，进行转速辨识研究，实现无速度传感器矢量控制系统具有重要的理论价值和实际意义。论文以实验室国家重大科技专项为背景，对转速辨识技术及无速度传感器矢量控制系统展开了研究工作。概述了交流调速系统及无速度传感器矢量控制的发展现状；研究了矢量控制理论，推导了坐标变换公式，给出了异步电机在不同坐标系中的数学模型，分析了电压空间矢量脉宽调制（SVPWM）技术的原理及算法实现；通过建立转子磁链观测器模型，分析了电压模型中纯积分环节存在的积分初值和直流漂移对磁链观测精度的影响，提出了采用带饱和反馈环节的可变截止频率低通滤波器替代纯积分环节的改进方法；详细阐述了模型参考自适应系统（MRAS）进行参数辨识的原理及理论依据，在此基础上设计出基于转子磁链观测模型的MRAS转速辨识算法，并证明了系统的稳定性；在Matlab/Simulink平台中分别对各个模块进行了建模并实现了完整的控制系统模型，通过仿真验证了改进的转速辨识算法的有效性；采用TI公司的电机专用控制芯片TMS320F28335作为硬件平台，以高精数控实验室自主研发的运动控制平台为软件基础，根据组件设计思想实现了完整的无速度传感器矢量控制系统，实验结果表明该系统具有良好的动态性能。最后，，对论文中所做工作进行了总结，文章在改进转子磁链电压模型提高转子磁链观测精度方面做出了贡献，为提高转速辨识精度从而实现异步电机无速度传感器矢量控制系统等后续研究工作提供了方向。
[Abstract]:Asynchronous motor is widely used in speed regulation field because of its simple structure and high performance. In the closed-loop control of its rotational speed, the mechanical speed sensor installed to obtain the rotational speed information not only increases the cost of the system, but also limits the scope of application and reduces the reliability of the system. Therefore, speed identification and speed sensorless vector control system have important theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, the speed identification technology and the speed sensorless vector control system are studied under the background of the major science and technology project of the laboratory. The development status of AC speed regulation system and speed sensorless vector control is summarized. The vector control theory is studied, the coordinate transformation formula is derived, the mathematical model of asynchronous motor in different coordinate systems is given, and the principle and algorithm realization of voltage space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technology are analyzed. The rotor flux observer model is established to analyze the effect of the integral initial value and DC drift on the flux observation accuracy in the pure integral part of the voltage model. An improved method of replacing pure integral link with variable cutoff frequency low pass filter with saturation feedback link is proposed. The principle and theoretical basis of parameter identification of model reference adaptive system (MRAS) are described in detail. On this basis, an identification algorithm of MRAS speed based on rotor flux observation model is designed, and the stability of the system is proved. Each module is modeled in Matlab/Simulink platform and a complete control system model is implemented. The effectiveness of the improved speed identification algorithm is verified by simulation. Based on the motion control platform independently developed by high precision NC laboratory, a complete speed sensorless vector control system is realized based on the component design idea, using TMS320F28335, a special motor control chip of TI Company, as the hardware platform, and based on the motion control platform independently developed by the high precision NC laboratory, a complete speed sensorless vector control system is realized. The experimental results show that the system has good dynamic performance. Finally, the paper summarizes the work done in the paper, and makes a contribution to improving the rotor flux voltage model to improve the rotor flux observation accuracy. It provides a direction for further research on speed identification accuracy and speed sensorless vector control system of asynchronous motor.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院（沈阳计算技术研究所）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM343

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