电动汽车用无位置传感器无刷直流电机启动运行控制研究
发布时间：2018-10-26 16:13
【摘要】：纯电动汽车凭借绿色环保、安全高效等优点受到各国政府的大力支持。电机控制是电动车研究的重要技术之一，无刷直流电机具有结构简单、运行可靠、工作效率高、调速性能好的优点,在电动车上得到了广泛应用。由于传感器的安装会增加电机成本和体积，所以深入研究全速范围内的无传感器控制策略，扩大车用无刷电机的使用范围就显得尤为重要。 电感法可在电机静止时获知转子位置，保证电机在启动时无反转现象发生。本文采用电感法获知转子初始位置结合反电势积分法提出了一种新型启动策略可使无刷电机在启动阶段无反转，无抖动，响应迅速。 若要提高无传感器控制的精度，就要实现转矩与转速的闭环控制。用滑模观测器替代传感器对转子位置进行估计已成功用于无刷电机的控制系统中。由于无刷电机的反电势不是标准的正弦波以及滑模控制本身的抖振误差都会影响转子位置估计的结果，故本文设计了基于PLL锁相环的滑模控制系统。消除系统抖振的同时使反电势因素不足以影响转速的估计。Simulink的仿真结果证实本文提出方法的正确性和有效性，可以替代位置传感器对无刷电机的转子位置进行估计。 本文在启动阶段后尝试用磁场定向控制理论驱动无刷电机，分析说明了车用无刷直流电机应用磁场定向控制理论的意义，，通过结合电感法与反电势积分法构造了无刷直流电机全速范围的无传感器控制系统。对车用无刷电机性能要求的分析，确定了本文设计的控制系统所要达到的控制目的,即使电动车辆具有在静止状态下无振动启动，响应速度快，运行平稳，转矩脉动小的特点。 利用TI开发箱及套件搭建了实验所需的硬件平台，根据所述控制系统进行了软件程序编写。实验验证了无刷电机矢量控制的可行性以及转子位置估计系统的正确性。给出的实验数据表明，本文设计的全速范围下无刷直流电机无传感器控制系统可以达到电动车对于无刷电机的性能要求。
[Abstract]:Pure electric vehicles with green environmental protection, safety and efficiency and other advantages are strongly supported by governments around the world. Motor control is one of the important technologies in electric vehicle research. Brushless DC motor has been widely used in electric vehicle because of its advantages of simple structure, reliable operation, high working efficiency and good speed regulation performance. Because the sensor installation will increase the cost and volume of the motor, it is particularly important to study the sensorless control strategy in the full speed range and expand the use range of the vehicle brushless motor. The inductance method can obtain the rotor position when the motor is still, and ensure that the motor does not reverse when it starts. In this paper, the inductance method is used to determine the initial position of the rotor and the inverse EMF integration method is used. A new starting strategy is proposed to make the brushless motor have no reversal, no jitter and quick response in the starting stage. In order to improve the accuracy of sensorless control, the closed-loop control of torque and speed should be realized. The rotor position estimation using sliding mode observer instead of sensor has been successfully used in the control system of brushless motor. Since the back-EMF of brushless motor is not a standard sinusoidal wave and the buffeting error of sliding mode control itself will affect the result of rotor position estimation, a sliding mode control system based on PLL phase-locked loop is designed in this paper. The simulation results of Simulink show that the proposed method is correct and effective, and can replace the position sensor to estimate the rotor position of brushless motor. This paper attempts to drive brushless motor with the theory of field-oriented control after starting stage. The significance of applying field-oriented control theory to brushless DC motor for vehicle is analyzed. A sensorless control system for brushless DC motor with full speed range is constructed by combining inductance method and inverse EMF integration method. Based on the analysis of the performance requirements of the brushless motor for vehicle, the control purpose of the control system designed in this paper is determined, even though the electric vehicle has the characteristics of no vibration starting, fast response speed, stable operation and low torque ripple. The hardware platform of the experiment is built by using the TI development box and kit, and the software program is programmed according to the control system. Experiments verify the feasibility of vector control of brushless motor and the correctness of rotor position estimation system. The experimental data show that the sensorless control system of brushless DC motor designed in this paper can meet the performance requirements of electric vehicle for brushless motor.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM33;U469.72
[Abstract]:Pure electric vehicles with green environmental protection, safety and efficiency and other advantages are strongly supported by governments around the world. Motor control is one of the important technologies in electric vehicle research. Brushless DC motor has been widely used in electric vehicle because of its advantages of simple structure, reliable operation, high working efficiency and good speed regulation performance. Because the sensor installation will increase the cost and volume of the motor, it is particularly important to study the sensorless control strategy in the full speed range and expand the use range of the vehicle brushless motor. The inductance method can obtain the rotor position when the motor is still, and ensure that the motor does not reverse when it starts. In this paper, the inductance method is used to determine the initial position of the rotor and the inverse EMF integration method is used. A new starting strategy is proposed to make the brushless motor have no reversal, no jitter and quick response in the starting stage. In order to improve the accuracy of sensorless control, the closed-loop control of torque and speed should be realized. The rotor position estimation using sliding mode observer instead of sensor has been successfully used in the control system of brushless motor. Since the back-EMF of brushless motor is not a standard sinusoidal wave and the buffeting error of sliding mode control itself will affect the result of rotor position estimation, a sliding mode control system based on PLL phase-locked loop is designed in this paper. The simulation results of Simulink show that the proposed method is correct and effective, and can replace the position sensor to estimate the rotor position of brushless motor. This paper attempts to drive brushless motor with the theory of field-oriented control after starting stage. The significance of applying field-oriented control theory to brushless DC motor for vehicle is analyzed. A sensorless control system for brushless DC motor with full speed range is constructed by combining inductance method and inverse EMF integration method. Based on the analysis of the performance requirements of the brushless motor for vehicle, the control purpose of the control system designed in this paper is determined, even though the electric vehicle has the characteristics of no vibration starting, fast response speed, stable operation and low torque ripple. The hardware platform of the experiment is built by using the TI development box and kit, and the software program is programmed according to the control system. Experiments verify the feasibility of vector control of brushless motor and the correctness of rotor position estimation system. The experimental data show that the sensorless control system of brushless DC motor designed in this paper can meet the performance requirements of electric vehicle for brushless motor.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM33;U469.72
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