基于同步相量测量的高压输电线路故障定位方法研究
发布时间：2018-11-18 16:06
【摘要】：在高压输电线路故障测距算法中,输电线路的参数通常被当作已知量参与计算。然而实际的线路参数会随着环境变化,在线路实际运行中,其实际的线路参数与系统的运行条件也有很大关系,存在着较大的不确定性。由于电力系统本身是一个相当复杂的动态系统,当系统中出现扰动、故障等情况时,会不可避免地发生各种复杂多变的动态过程,而这些因素均会影响到线路的实际参数。近年来,广域测量系统WAMS得到了大力发展,其强大的全局测量性、同步性以及高精度的测量等特点均为线路参数的在线估计提供了有利条件。 针对上述问题,本论文研究了动态条件下基于线路参数在线计算的输电线路故障定位方法。首先分析动态条件下线路参数在线估计值的分布规律,得到在线估计值；再基于前期的研究基础,考虑了信号动态特性对线路参数的影响,将在线估计值作为线路参数修正过程的基准,进而将在线参数估计与前期的参数实时修正思想有效地结合起来,实现了对前期动态故障定位思想研究体系的有效完善和改进。 在已有的电网布局格式下,柔性交流输电系统FACTS技术作为提高输电系统经济性和可靠性的有效手段,在国内高压远距离输电网中被广泛采用,同时随着智能电网建设的全面推进,在未来的电网建设中将有更广阔的应用前景。在输电线路中加入FACTS装置后,由于其能够快速灵活地调控网络参数和线路运行参数,因此能够优化系统的潮流分布,提高线路的输送能力,改善系统的稳定性,改善电压质量及无功功率平衡,减少系统的线路损耗等。然而也给输电线路的保护和故障定位带来了新的问题：FACTS装置破坏了输电线路参数的均匀性,从而使得线路参数变得不连续；同时随着FACTS装置的结构和功能日益复杂,从而导致其运行状态灵活多变、难以确定,从而增加了保护和定位的难度。 针对上述问题,本论文研究了基于双端PMU的含FACTS补偿装置的输电线路双端故障测距算法。首先借助电力系统电磁暂态仿真软件PSCAD/EMTDC分别建立了含各类串联和并联补偿装置的输电线路仿真模型,为后续研究奠定仿真基础；分别分析了含串联补偿装置和并联补偿装置输电线路的特点,并总结已有研究方法,基于分布参数线路模型以及双端同步相量估计值,建立起故障定位方程,利用简单的变步长-维搜索方法准确求解定位方程。PSCAD/EMTDC仿真表明新方法具有更高的测距精度,且不受补偿装置模型类型及运行状态影响,并且适用于各种类型故障、各种故障位置与不同的过渡电阻情况。
[Abstract]:In HV transmission line fault location algorithm, transmission line parameters are usually calculated as known quantities. However, the actual line parameters will change with the environment, in the actual operation of the line, the actual line parameters and the operating conditions of the system also have a great deal of relationship, there is a great deal of uncertainty. Because the power system itself is a very complex dynamic system, when the disturbance and fault occur in the system, all kinds of complex dynamic processes will inevitably occur, and these factors will affect the actual parameters of the line. In recent years, wide area measurement system (WAMS) has been greatly developed. Its strong global measurement, synchronization and high precision measurement provide favorable conditions for on-line parameter estimation. In order to solve the above problems, this paper studies the method of transmission line fault location based on on-line calculation of line parameters under dynamic conditions. Firstly, the distribution law of the on-line estimation value of line parameters under dynamic condition is analyzed, and the on-line estimation value is obtained. On the basis of the previous research, the influence of signal dynamic characteristics on line parameters is considered, and the on-line estimation value is used as the benchmark of the line parameter correction process. Furthermore, the on-line parameter estimation is effectively combined with the idea of real-time correction of the pre-stage parameters, and the effective improvement and improvement of the pre-stage dynamic fault location research system are realized. In the existing grid layout format, the flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) technology, as an effective means to improve the economy and reliability of the transmission system, is widely used in the domestic high-voltage long-distance transmission network. At the same time, with the overall development of smart grid construction, there will be a wider application prospect in the future power grid construction. After adding the FACTS device to the transmission line, it can adjust and control the network parameters and the line operation parameters quickly and flexibly, so it can optimize the power flow distribution of the system, improve the transmission capacity of the transmission line, and improve the stability of the system. Improve voltage quality and reactive power balance, reduce system line loss and so on. However, it also brings new problems to transmission line protection and fault location: FACTS device destroys the uniformity of transmission line parameters, which makes the line parameters become discontinuous; At the same time, with the increasing complexity of the structure and function of the FACTS device, the operation state of the device is flexible and changeable, and it is difficult to determine, thus increasing the difficulty of protection and positioning. In order to solve the above problems, a dual terminal fault location algorithm for transmission line with FACTS compensation device based on dual terminal PMU is studied in this paper. Firstly, with the help of the electromagnetic transient simulation software PSCAD/EMTDC of power system, the simulation model of transmission line with various series and parallel compensation devices is established, which lays a foundation for further research. The characteristics of transmission lines with series compensation device and parallel compensation device are analyzed, and the existing research methods are summarized. Based on the distributed parameter line model and the estimation value of two-terminal synchronous phasor, the fault location equation is established. A simple variable step-dimensional search method is used to accurately solve the location equation. PSCAD/EMTDC simulation shows that the new method has higher ranging accuracy and is not affected by the model type and running state of the compensator, and is suitable for various types of faults. Various fault locations and different transition resistance conditions.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM855
本文编号：2340491
[Abstract]:In HV transmission line fault location algorithm, transmission line parameters are usually calculated as known quantities. However, the actual line parameters will change with the environment, in the actual operation of the line, the actual line parameters and the operating conditions of the system also have a great deal of relationship, there is a great deal of uncertainty. Because the power system itself is a very complex dynamic system, when the disturbance and fault occur in the system, all kinds of complex dynamic processes will inevitably occur, and these factors will affect the actual parameters of the line. In recent years, wide area measurement system (WAMS) has been greatly developed. Its strong global measurement, synchronization and high precision measurement provide favorable conditions for on-line parameter estimation. In order to solve the above problems, this paper studies the method of transmission line fault location based on on-line calculation of line parameters under dynamic conditions. Firstly, the distribution law of the on-line estimation value of line parameters under dynamic condition is analyzed, and the on-line estimation value is obtained. On the basis of the previous research, the influence of signal dynamic characteristics on line parameters is considered, and the on-line estimation value is used as the benchmark of the line parameter correction process. Furthermore, the on-line parameter estimation is effectively combined with the idea of real-time correction of the pre-stage parameters, and the effective improvement and improvement of the pre-stage dynamic fault location research system are realized. In the existing grid layout format, the flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) technology, as an effective means to improve the economy and reliability of the transmission system, is widely used in the domestic high-voltage long-distance transmission network. At the same time, with the overall development of smart grid construction, there will be a wider application prospect in the future power grid construction. After adding the FACTS device to the transmission line, it can adjust and control the network parameters and the line operation parameters quickly and flexibly, so it can optimize the power flow distribution of the system, improve the transmission capacity of the transmission line, and improve the stability of the system. Improve voltage quality and reactive power balance, reduce system line loss and so on. However, it also brings new problems to transmission line protection and fault location: FACTS device destroys the uniformity of transmission line parameters, which makes the line parameters become discontinuous; At the same time, with the increasing complexity of the structure and function of the FACTS device, the operation state of the device is flexible and changeable, and it is difficult to determine, thus increasing the difficulty of protection and positioning. In order to solve the above problems, a dual terminal fault location algorithm for transmission line with FACTS compensation device based on dual terminal PMU is studied in this paper. Firstly, with the help of the electromagnetic transient simulation software PSCAD/EMTDC of power system, the simulation model of transmission line with various series and parallel compensation devices is established, which lays a foundation for further research. The characteristics of transmission lines with series compensation device and parallel compensation device are analyzed, and the existing research methods are summarized. Based on the distributed parameter line model and the estimation value of two-terminal synchronous phasor, the fault location equation is established. A simple variable step-dimensional search method is used to accurately solve the location equation. PSCAD/EMTDC simulation shows that the new method has higher ranging accuracy and is not affected by the model type and running state of the compensator, and is suitable for various types of faults. Various fault locations and different transition resistance conditions.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM855
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