低速大扭矩潜油永磁同步电机电磁参数优化研究

发布时间：2018-11-19 12:38

【摘要】：随着油田的不断开发,大斜度井、水平井以及高稠粘、高含砂蜡原油井逐渐增多,低速大扭矩潜油永磁同步电机直接驱动螺杆泵采油作为一项新技术逐渐被油田应用。潜油永磁同步电机作为该系统的动力机,其性能直接影响潜油螺杆泵机组乃至电泵井的质量和寿命,同时影响到原油产量及采油成本。本文以提高低速大扭矩潜油永磁同步电机效率、降低其齿槽转矩为目标,对电机电磁结构参数展开了优化研究,并完成了样机制造与试验。首先,进行了低速大扭矩潜油永磁同步电机方案设计。根据永磁同步电机极槽配合分类特点,对闭口槽、半闭口槽两种槽口形状下各四种极槽配合方案进行研究,对比分析了电机气隙磁密、空载反电势、齿槽转矩、输出转矩、齿磁密等性能指标,最终选取了12极36槽的整数槽方案。针对潜油永磁同步电机设计过程中参数多难以确定优化参数的问题,对潜油永磁同步电机的损耗和齿槽转矩进行了解析分析。通过分析损耗与齿槽转矩的产生机理,推导反映损耗、齿槽转矩与电机电磁参数之间关系的表达式,得出了8个影响损耗和齿槽转矩的电磁结构参数;对找出的参数做参数化分析,确定出了各参数的初始值。其次,开展了潜油永磁同步电机电磁参数优化设计。影响潜油永磁同步电机性能指标的电磁结构参数较多,但每个参数对电机性能指标的影响程度不同,且电磁结构参数之间存在交互作用;运用部分析因实验设计,考虑因子间的交互效应及效应混杂,从得出的8个参数中筛选出了4个对电机性能具有显著影响的因子。针对难以准确得出显著因子与电机性能指标之间真实函数关系的问题,运用响应面法,拟合了显著因子与效率、齿槽转矩之间的二阶响应模型并判定模型的有效性;采用带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法得出了同时使效率最大、齿槽转矩最小的Pareto最优前沿。针对潜油永磁同步电机实际加工制造中难免出现误差因素对电机性能产生影响的问题,同样以效率和齿槽转矩为优化目标,开展了潜油永磁同步电机稳健参数设计。以筛选出的影响效率和齿槽转矩的4个显著因子作为可控因子,选取了5个误差因素作为噪声因子,利用Taguchi方法,安排控制表和噪声表相结合的试验方案,得出了每个方案下的电机效率和齿槽转矩的信噪比。通过平均值分析,分别得出了使效率最大的最佳因子组合和使齿槽转矩最小的最佳因子组合;通过变异数分析,得出了同时使效率最大、齿槽转矩最小的“Pareto最优因子组合”。最后,根据优化结果完成了潜油永磁同步电机的结构设计,并制造了一台额定功率9.6kW、额定转速150rpm的潜油永磁同步电机样机及其试验台。进行了潜油永磁同步电机的空载试验与模拟井下采油的负载试验,测试中电机运行平稳,转矩、转速波动较小,效率较高,与理论分析结果接近,验证了优化设计的有效性。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of oil fields, the number of oil wells with large inclination, horizontal wells and high viscosity, high sand and wax content is gradually increasing. As a new technology, low speed and high torque permanent magnet synchronous motor drive screw pump production gradually. The performance of the submersible permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) as the power engine of the system directly affects the quality and life of the submersible screw pump unit and even the electric pump well as the crude oil output and the oil production cost. In order to improve the efficiency of low speed and large torque submersible permanent magnet synchronous motor and to reduce its grooving torque, the electromagnetic structural parameters of the motor are optimized, and the prototype manufacture and test are completed in this paper. Firstly, the scheme of low speed and high torque submersible permanent magnet synchronous motor is designed. According to the classification characteristics of pole slot matching of permanent magnet synchronous motor, four kinds of pole-slot matching schemes with closed slot and semi-closed slot are studied, and the air gap magnetic density, no-load back EMF, slot torque and output torque are compared and analyzed. Finally, the integer slot scheme with 12 poles and 36 slots is selected. In order to solve the problem that it is difficult to determine the optimal parameters in the design process of submersible permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), the loss and grooving torque of submersible PMSM are analytically analyzed. By analyzing the generation mechanism of the loss and the slot torque, the expression of the relationship between the loss, the slot torque and the electromagnetic parameters of the motor is deduced, and eight electromagnetic structural parameters affecting the loss and the slot torque are obtained. The initial values of the parameters are determined by parameterized analysis. Secondly, the optimization design of electromagnetic parameters of submersible permanent magnet synchronous motor is carried out. There are many electromagnetic structure parameters that affect the performance index of the submersible permanent magnet synchronous motor, but each parameter has different influence on the performance index of the motor, and there is interaction between the electromagnetic structure parameters. Based on the experimental design, four factors which have significant influence on the motor performance are selected from the 8 parameters obtained by considering the interaction effect and the mixed effect among the factors. In order to solve the problem that it is difficult to get the true function relationship between salience factor and motor performance index, the second order response model between salience factor and efficiency and slot torque is fitted by using response surface method and the validity of the model is determined. By using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with elitist strategy, the Pareto optimal frontiers with maximum efficiency and minimum slotting torque are obtained at the same time. In order to solve the problem that error factors inevitably affect the performance of submersible permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), the robust parameter design of submersible PMSM is carried out with the aim of optimizing efficiency and grooving torque. Taking the four significant factors of influence efficiency and slot torque as controllable factors, five error factors were selected as noise factors, and Taguchi method was used to arrange the test scheme of combining control table and noise table. The motor efficiency and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the slotting torque under each scheme are obtained. Through the analysis of mean value, the optimal combination of factors which make the maximum efficiency and the minimum torque of the tooth groove are obtained, and the Pareto optimal factor combination which makes the efficiency maximum and the torque of the tooth slot minimum is obtained by the analysis of the variance number. Finally, the structural design of submersible permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is completed according to the optimized results, and a prototype of submersible permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with rated power of 9.6 kW and rated speed of 150rpm and its test-bed are manufactured. The no-load test of submersible permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and the load test of simulating downhole oil recovery are carried out. In the test, the motor runs smoothly, the torque and speed fluctuate less, and the efficiency is higher, which is close to the theoretical analysis results, and verifies the effectiveness of the optimal design.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TE93;TM341

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