全自动平衡机的研究与设计
发布时间：2018-11-19 19:33
【摘要】：随着科学技术的发展,旋转机械在工程中的应用越来越广泛。受制造工艺精度及使用过程中磨损的影响,旋转机械在出厂和长期使用之后会逐步出现不平衡的现象[1]。对于电机转子而言,转子的不平衡现象主要表现为机械振动与较大的噪声。长时间让旋转机械运行在不平衡状态,不仅会损害机械寿命,严重的可能造成安全隐患,是亟待解决的问题。在工程实践中,解决转子不平衡现象的唯一技术是动平衡技术,所以该技术备受工程界关注[2]。根据实际生产的要求,平衡机应当包括不平衡信号检测装置和校正装置两大部分,其发展趋势亦朝着全自动、高精度的方向发展。平衡机的研制对人类生产具有重要意义。在平衡机的研究与设计过程中,不平衡振动信号的数字滤波技术、不平衡振动信号的信息提取以及平衡机系统内部的通讯设计备受工程人员关注。本论文主要研究的是不平衡振动信号的信号处理算法以及平衡机系统通讯模块的设计。通过对信号处理理论的研究,本文提出一种提取不平衡振动信号有用信息的处理方法,即先用椭圆带通数字滤波器对原始信号进行数字滤波以获得基频信号,之后使用零相移滤波器对基频信号进行相位补偿,再使用带双谱线校正的全相位FFT谱分析法对滤波序列进行分析以得到关于振动信号的幅值和相角的预测值,其中信号相角预测值即为不平衡点的位置,幅值预测值即为不平衡量的大小。椭圆带通数字滤波器具有很强的通带选择性且实现阶数低,能够滤除基频以外的信号;零相移滤波器能够补偿带通滤波器带来的相位偏移问题;全相位FFT性能优良,能够解决传统FFT由于非整周期采样带来的旁瓣干扰和频偏泄漏问题,得到较为准确的信号频率、初始相角及幅值预测值。在上述步骤与后续的平衡校正工作中,为了保证平衡机系统的协调工作以及系统内部各个模块间的高效配合,我们使用可靠的MODBUS协议作为系统的通讯协议。实验证明,数字滤波技术与全相位FFT算法能够很好地滤除干扰,确定转子不平衡信号的幅值与相角;通过MODBUS协议,平衡机系统内部的通讯稳定,各设备之间配合协调。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology, rotating machinery is more and more widely used in engineering. Affected by the precision of manufacturing process and wear in the process of use, the rotating machinery will gradually appear the phenomenon of imbalance after long term use and factory. For motor rotor, the unbalance of rotor is mainly characterized by mechanical vibration and large noise. It is an urgent problem to make rotating machinery run in unbalanced state for a long time, which will not only damage the life of machinery, but also cause serious safety problems. In engineering practice, the only technology to solve the rotor unbalance is the dynamic balancing technique, so the technology has attracted much attention of the engineering circles [2]. According to the requirements of actual production, the balancing machine should include two parts: unbalanced signal detection device and correction device, and its development trend is also towards the direction of automatic and high precision. The development of balancing machine is of great significance to human production. In the research and design of the balancer, the digital filtering technology of unbalanced vibration signal, the information extraction of unbalanced vibration signal and the communication design inside the balancer system have attracted much attention of engineers. This paper mainly studies the signal processing algorithm of unbalanced vibration signal and the design of communication module of balancer system. Based on the research of signal processing theory, this paper presents a method for extracting useful information of unbalanced vibration signal, that is, the original signal is digitally filtered by elliptical band-pass digital filter to obtain the fundamental frequency signal. Then the zero-phase shift filter is used to compensate the fundamental frequency signal, and the full-phase FFT spectral analysis method with double spectral line correction is used to analyze the filter sequence to obtain the predicted amplitude and phase angle of the vibration signal. The predicted signal phase angle is the position of the unbalance point and the amplitude prediction value is the magnitude of the unbalance. The elliptical band-pass digital filter has strong passband selectivity and low realization order, which can filter signals other than the fundamental frequency, and the zero-phase-shift filter can compensate the phase offset caused by the band-pass filter. The all-phase FFT has good performance and can solve the sidelobe interference and frequency offset leakage caused by non-integer periodic sampling in traditional FFT. The accurate signal frequency, initial phase angle and amplitude can be obtained. In order to ensure the coordination of the balancing machine system and the efficient cooperation between the various modules of the system, we use reliable MODBUS protocol as the communication protocol of the system. Experiments show that digital filtering and all-phase FFT algorithm can filter interference and determine the amplitude and phase angle of rotor unbalance signal. Through MODBUS protocol, the communication in the balancer system is stable, and the coordination between the devices is achieved.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM303.3
本文编号：2343226
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology, rotating machinery is more and more widely used in engineering. Affected by the precision of manufacturing process and wear in the process of use, the rotating machinery will gradually appear the phenomenon of imbalance after long term use and factory. For motor rotor, the unbalance of rotor is mainly characterized by mechanical vibration and large noise. It is an urgent problem to make rotating machinery run in unbalanced state for a long time, which will not only damage the life of machinery, but also cause serious safety problems. In engineering practice, the only technology to solve the rotor unbalance is the dynamic balancing technique, so the technology has attracted much attention of the engineering circles [2]. According to the requirements of actual production, the balancing machine should include two parts: unbalanced signal detection device and correction device, and its development trend is also towards the direction of automatic and high precision. The development of balancing machine is of great significance to human production. In the research and design of the balancer, the digital filtering technology of unbalanced vibration signal, the information extraction of unbalanced vibration signal and the communication design inside the balancer system have attracted much attention of engineers. This paper mainly studies the signal processing algorithm of unbalanced vibration signal and the design of communication module of balancer system. Based on the research of signal processing theory, this paper presents a method for extracting useful information of unbalanced vibration signal, that is, the original signal is digitally filtered by elliptical band-pass digital filter to obtain the fundamental frequency signal. Then the zero-phase shift filter is used to compensate the fundamental frequency signal, and the full-phase FFT spectral analysis method with double spectral line correction is used to analyze the filter sequence to obtain the predicted amplitude and phase angle of the vibration signal. The predicted signal phase angle is the position of the unbalance point and the amplitude prediction value is the magnitude of the unbalance. The elliptical band-pass digital filter has strong passband selectivity and low realization order, which can filter signals other than the fundamental frequency, and the zero-phase-shift filter can compensate the phase offset caused by the band-pass filter. The all-phase FFT has good performance and can solve the sidelobe interference and frequency offset leakage caused by non-integer periodic sampling in traditional FFT. The accurate signal frequency, initial phase angle and amplitude can be obtained. In order to ensure the coordination of the balancing machine system and the efficient cooperation between the various modules of the system, we use reliable MODBUS protocol as the communication protocol of the system. Experiments show that digital filtering and all-phase FFT algorithm can filter interference and determine the amplitude and phase angle of rotor unbalance signal. Through MODBUS protocol, the communication in the balancer system is stable, and the coordination between the devices is achieved.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM303.3
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