基于超级电容器的新型供电系统技术研究

发布时间：2018-11-22 15:48

【摘要】：柔性视觉传感器传统的有线供电与通信方式有一些不可避免的缺陷,例如线缆管束容易破损,示教姿态有时很难达到等。本课题研究的基于超级电容器的新型供电系统,为柔性视觉传感器提供了一种无线供电解决方案,使其在工业现场的测量应用中更加方便和灵活。超级电容器,是从上世纪七、八十年代发展起来的通过极化电解质来储能的一种电化学元件。不同于传统的化学电源,它的储能和放能过程是一个物理过程,是可逆的,因此它具有很多的优点,例如:可以大电流快速充放电,无记忆效应,内阻极低,能量和功率密度高,循环寿命长,环保等。由于超级电容所具有的这些突出的优势,使它在电动汽车、大功率脉冲电源等领域具有广泛的应用前景。本论文将超级电容器作为惟一储能元件,设计了一种新型的电源系统。该系统包括充电系统和DC-DC直流稳压系统两个部分。充电装置在Freescale单片机的控制下实现了恒流充电和恒压充电相结合的充电方式,大大缩短了充电所用的时间。恒流充电是指充电电流维持在某个恒定值的一种充电方式,这种充电方式在充电的前期使用,可加快充电的速度,但是,如果一直维持恒流充电方式,直到超级电容两端电压达到额定电压值,那么在断电瞬间,由于超级电容的内阻以及电荷积聚效应,电容两端电压会急剧下降到低于额定电压的某个电压值,因此,在充电后期,我们将充电方式切换至恒压充电,以保证将超级电容完全充满。本论文详细阐述了这一充电方式,并做了相应的仿真和实验。系统中的DC-DC直流稳压电路,将超级电容器输出的随时间逐渐下降的电压转换为几组恒定的电压值,分别是+12V,+5V,-5V,Vadj,将这几组电压通过端子输出,后接传感器的不同供电部分,实现了用超级电容为传感器电路板供电的功能。实验结果表明,该系统中的充电器部分可以在短短几分钟时间内将超级电容充满,充电速度比一般锂电池快很多;DC-DC直流稳压部分可以提供超小纹波率的直流电压,满足后端传感器对电源的要求。总之,本论文设计的电源系统可以在某些要求快充快用的系统中作为传统蓄电池的替代品来提供电源。
[Abstract]:The traditional wired power supply and communication mode of flexible vision sensor has some inevitable defects, such as cable bundle is easy to break, teaching posture is sometimes difficult to achieve, and so on. A new type of power supply system based on supercapacitor is studied in this paper, which provides a wireless power supply solution for flexible vision sensor, and makes it more convenient and flexible in industrial field measurement application. Supercapacitors, developed from the 1970s and 1980s, are electrochemical components that store energy through polarized electrolytes. Unlike the traditional chemical power supply, its energy storage and discharge process is a physical process and reversible, so it has many advantages, such as high current, rapid charge and discharge, no memory effect, very low internal resistance. High energy and power density, long cycle life, environmental protection, etc. Because of these outstanding advantages of super capacitor, it has a wide application prospect in electric vehicles, high power pulse power supply and other fields. In this paper, a new type of power supply system is designed based on the super capacitor as the only energy storage element. The system consists of charging system and DC-DC voltage stabilizing system. Under the control of Freescale single chip computer, the charging device realizes the combination of constant current charging and constant voltage charging, which greatly shortens the time of charging. Constant-current charging is a charging mode in which the charge current is maintained at a constant value, which is used in the early stages of charging to speed up the charging, but if the constant current charging mode is maintained all the time, Until the voltage at both ends of the super capacitor reaches the rated voltage value, the voltage at both ends of the capacitor will drop sharply below a certain voltage value of the rated voltage at the moment of power off because of the internal resistance of the super capacitor and the effect of charge accumulation. At the end of charging, we switch charging mode to constant voltage charge to ensure full capacity. In this paper, the charging method is described in detail, and the corresponding simulation and experiment are done. In the DC-DC voltage stabilizing circuit, the output voltage of the supercapacitor is converted into several groups of constant voltage values, which are 12V, 5V, 5V, Vadj, which are output through the terminal. The function of using super capacitor to supply power to the sensor circuit board is realized by connecting different power supply parts of the sensor. The experimental results show that the charging part of the system can fill the super capacitor in a few minutes, and the charging speed is much faster than that of the ordinary lithium battery. The DC voltage stabilizer of DC-DC can provide the DC voltage of ultra small ripple rate, which can meet the requirements of the backend sensor for power supply. In a word, the power supply system designed in this paper can be used as a substitute for traditional batteries in some fast charging systems.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM53;TM724;TM910.6

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