广域保护的故障元件识别算法与相关通信技术研究

发布时间：2018-11-23 06:28

【摘要】：常规后备保护多采用非单元式原理,一般涵盖多个元件。在现行的电力系统运行条件下,这种由开放式保护原理构成的后备保护误动概率较大。此外常规后备保护仅依赖于本地数据,往往侧重于保护其本地设备而无视其行为对全网的影响。常规后备保护系统在某种程度上已不能满足互联电力系统的新要求,需要改进完善。由此提出了广域后备保护方案,它可在全系统范围内实现故障正确识别,有选择性地切除故障元件,保证非故障系统安全运行。论文首先提出一种考虑线路分布参数的基于故障分量的新型叠加分量阻抗概念,在此基础上提出了一种基于叠加分量阻抗幅值比较原理的故障元件判据。理论分析了不同线路长度,不同系统阻抗比情况下叠加阻抗算法的动作特性,同时考虑了串补的影响。保护方案采用距离保护作为故障信息发送启动元件,动态确定保护区域,形成故障关联元件集,并通过叠加阻抗原理与故障分量电流差动保护判据对该集合的搜索判定,完成故障元件识别。其次,鉴于同步相量测量技术的应用需求,给出了一种集成控制和保护于一体的保护方案,结合现代通信技术实现本地信息和广域信息的综合利用,从而实现广域保护功能。考虑的同步相量通信传输的技术现状,分析并实现了符合IEEE C37.118协议规范的同步相量客户端与服务器端软件。结合新的IEC 61850-90-5通信规约,分析建立同步相量传输的通信模型,研究并规范了传输报文在OSI通信协议栈层的映射,为同步相量的通信实现作了有益的技术铺垫。第三,在工程应用中,在产品开发阶段验证通信建模的正确性与有效性具有比较强的实际价值。对信息模型从整体功能进行了建模分析,从微观角度分析了数据结构,在此基础上对测试工具进行了功能上的分类设计。以Exce I与VBA作为开发平台,编程实现对测试对象的状态预设置,通过DDE动态数据交换机制与支持MMS的第三方软件进行数据获取,以读取保护设备的IEC61850模型的数据属性值,通过与预设值进行比对,并将测试结果输出到Exce I表格对象以完成模型验证测试过程。测试结果具有可重复性,在一定程度上保证建立模型的完备性,从而有效减少开发的工作量,明显提高开发效率。第四,保护设备支持IEC61850以实现信息的无缝交换,加强通信系统在现代电力技术中的基础作用,因此对基于IEC61850的保护装置的可靠性进行测试及评估具有一定的理论与实践意义。对变电站内通信网络进行合理配置,对通信系统进行了冗余配置,在此基础上通过多个装置逻辑配合实现了简易母线保护功能,以此为基础在基于RTDS的变电站自动化系统的实验室仿真测试平台上对基于IEC61850的保护的性能进行评估。
[Abstract]:Conventional back-up protection uses the principle of non-element, and generally covers multiple components. Under the current power system operation conditions, this kind of backup protection, which is composed of open protection principle, has a large misoperation probability. In addition, conventional back-up protection is only dependent on local data, and often focuses on the protection of its local equipment, ignoring the impact of its behavior on the whole network. To some extent, the conventional backup protection system can not meet the new requirements of interconnected power system, so it needs to be improved and improved. Therefore, a wide area backup protection scheme is proposed, which can correctly identify faults in the whole system, selectively remove fault elements, and ensure the safe operation of non-fault systems. In this paper, a new concept of superposition component impedance based on fault component considering line distribution parameters is proposed, and a fault component criterion based on the principle of comparison of impedance amplitude of superposition component is proposed. The action characteristics of superposition impedance algorithm with different line length and system impedance ratio are analyzed theoretically, and the effect of series compensation is considered. The protection scheme uses distance protection as the starting element to transmit fault information, determines the protection area dynamically, forms the fault correlation component set, and searches the set through the principle of superposition impedance and the fault component current differential protection criterion. Complete fault element identification. Secondly, in view of the application requirement of synchronous phasor measurement technology, an integrated control and protection scheme is proposed, which can realize the comprehensive utilization of local information and wide area information in combination with modern communication technology, so as to realize the wide area protection function. Considering the technical status of synchronous phasor communication transmission, the software of synchronous phasor client and server which accords with IEEE C37.118 protocol specification is analyzed and implemented. Combined with the new IEC 61850-90-5 communication protocol, the communication model of synchronous phasor transmission is analyzed, and the mapping of transmission packets in OSI communication protocol stack layer is studied and standardized, which provides a useful technology for the implementation of synchronous phasor communication. Thirdly, in engineering application, it is of great practical value to verify the correctness and validity of communication modeling in product development stage. The information model is modeled from the whole function, and the data structure is analyzed from the microcosmic point of view. On the basis of this, the functional classification design of the test tool is carried out. With Exce I and VBA as the development platform, the state of the test object is programmed to set up, and the data are acquired through the DDE dynamic data exchange mechanism and the third party software supporting MMS, in order to read the data attribute value of the IEC61850 model of the protective device. The test results are output to the Exce I table object to complete the model verification test process by comparing with the preset values. The test results are repeatable and ensure the completeness of the model to a certain extent, which can effectively reduce the workload of development and improve the efficiency of development. Fourthly, the protection equipment supports IEC61850 to realize the seamless exchange of information and strengthen the basic role of the communication system in modern power technology. Therefore, it is of theoretical and practical significance to test and evaluate the reliability of the protection device based on IEC61850. Reasonable configuration of communication network in substation and redundant configuration of communication system are carried out. On the basis of this, simple busbar protection function is realized through the cooperation of multiple devices logic. Based on this, the performance of IEC61850 based protection is evaluated on the laboratory simulation test platform of substation automation system based on RTDS.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM77

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