电除尘性能优化和节能改造

发布时间：2018-11-27 11:40

【摘要】：近些年来随着PM2.5等污染物的危害越来越被公众了解，，电除尘这类原本在电力系统中似乎是不受重视的环保设备，开始变的越来越重要。但目前大多数电除尘系统故障频出，而且能耗居高不下。因此研究如何提高电除尘设备的可靠性和降低其能耗具有重要意义。本次研究课题以台山电厂除尘设备为例，介绍了如何通过对设备的原理分析找出原有老旧电除尘设备高发故障的真正原因，结合国内外通行解决办法寻找最经济、最适合现场设备的改造方法。通过日常工作中积累的运行数据和统计的高发缺陷数量、分布情况，结合电除尘工作原理，分析针对如过流、开路、短路、偏励磁等这些高发缺陷产生的原因，深入讨论异常现象出现的成因以及导致的后果。针对高压控制系统的几种高发故障，按照其产生的原因进行针对性的改造，全面升级控制系统的硬件配置和软件设置。升级优化了原滤波算法，提高了控制系统判断的准确性。结合现场运行情况，提高了控制系统对于电场中火花和反电晕的判断方法，通过电除尘效率公式计算出电晕功率和供电间歇的关系，利用新的判断方式和供电模式提高了系统对异常情况的反应速度和优化了对异常现象的抑制措施。低压控制系统原来是由多个单片机板块控制，此次改造全部升级为PLC主机统一控制，减少了改造前由于多板块之间通讯不畅、信号取样速度不快、控制器经常死机的问题。改造后，电除尘的缺陷大幅下降，除尘效率略有提高，耗能则大幅减少了52.6%，仅改造后一年节约的电量换算成电费就超过了此次改造的费用，为企业取得了巨大的经济效益。
[Abstract]:In recent years, as the harm of pollutants such as PM2.5 has become more and more known to the public, it is becoming more and more important that the environmental protection equipment, such as electrostatic precipitator, which seemed to be neglected in the electric power system, is becoming more and more important. However, at present, most of the electrical dedusting system failure frequency, and high energy consumption. Therefore, it is of great significance to study how to improve the reliability and reduce the energy consumption of electrostatic precipitator. Taking the dust removal equipment of Taishan Power Plant as an example, this research topic introduces how to find out the real cause of the high failure of the old electric precipitator by analyzing the principle of the equipment, and how to find the most economical way to solve the problem in combination with the current domestic and international solutions. The most suitable modification method for field equipment. Through the operation data accumulated in daily work and the statistics of the number and distribution of high frequency defects, combined with the working principle of electric precipitation, the causes of these high frequency defects such as overcurrent, open circuit, short circuit, partial excitation, etc., are analyzed. The causes and consequences of abnormal phenomena are discussed in depth. Aiming at several kinds of high frequency faults of high voltage control system, the hardware configuration and software setting of the control system are upgraded according to the causes. The original filtering algorithm is optimized and the accuracy of the control system is improved. Combined with the field operation, the method of judging spark and anti-corona in electric field is improved, and the relation between corona power and power supply intermittent is calculated by the formula of efficiency of electric precipitator. The new judgment mode and power supply mode are used to improve the response speed of the system to the abnormal situation and to optimize the suppression measures to the abnormal phenomenon. The low-voltage control system was originally controlled by several single-chip microprocessors. The transformation was all upgraded to the unified control of PLC mainframe, which reduced the problem that the communication between multi-plates was not smooth, the signal sampling speed was not fast, and the controller often crashed. After the revamping, the defects of electric dust removal have been greatly reduced, the dust removal efficiency has been slightly improved, and the energy consumption has been greatly reduced by 52.6 percent. Only one year after the transformation, the electricity saved has been converted into electricity charges, which is more than the cost of this transformation. Great economic benefits have been achieved for the enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM621.73

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