微电网中电池储能系统的动态优化调度及可靠性建模问题研究

发布时间：2018-11-28 13:14

【摘要】：微电网作为一种包含分布式电源(DG)、储能装置以及各类负载的新型能源网络化供应与管理技术,由于其能源利用率高和环境友好等优点,正受到越来越广泛的关注。由于风能、太阳能固有的波动性和随机性,如何利用有限的储能系统容量,实现微电网系统发用电的动态平衡,并获得最优效益,是微网集成控制与能量管理研究的重要内容。本文对微电网系统中电池储能系统(Battery Energy Storage System, BESS)的优化调度以及可靠性问题进行研究,为未来微电网中BESS的应用提供参考与借鉴,主要进行了以下几个方面的工作：首先,以典型的风-光-热-储混合的微电网系统为例,建立微电网各组成单元出力的数学模型。针对风力、太阳能等能源随机不可调度的特点,研究风力、光伏等电源出力的预测模拟方法；并结合BESS的参数特性,考虑BESS的容量和充放电约束,重点建立BESS容量模型和充放电模型。其次,针对BESS在微电网系统中发挥的作用,本文以经济性、环保性、可靠性、对可再生能源的响应特性等为目标,在满足微电网功率平衡约束、电源出力约束,以及BESS的容量、充放电和寿命约束等条件下,建立基于BESS动态调度的微电网运行优化模型。通过模糊理论和隶属函数将多目标优化转化为单目标优化问题,以获得综合考虑各个因素下的BESS最优控制策略。然后,考虑到动态规划算法能较好地模拟BESS的充放电动作,处理模型中的不连续、非线性约束等优点,采用动态规划求解微电网多目标运行优化模型,并通过算例进行了验证,结果表明,多目标优化基于对各目标重要性的设定,通过BESS的动态优化调度,能很好地满足微电网的运行要求,改善各方面指标,并能充分体现BESS的功能定位。最后,基于电池储能系统并网结构在可靠性分析中属于串联系统的特点,结合其物理结构,运用状态空间分析法对其进行可靠性建模。分别计算得到各组成部分及系统的等效故障率和修复率,为微电网中BESS的调度以及容量或数量的配置、微电网的可靠性评估提供数据参考。
[Abstract]:As a new type of energy supply and management technology including distributed generation (DG), energy storage device and all kinds of loads, microgrid has attracted more and more attention due to its high energy efficiency and environmental friendliness. Due to the inherent volatility and randomness of wind energy and solar energy, how to realize the dynamic balance of power generation and power generation of micro-grid system with limited energy storage system capacity and obtain optimal benefits is an important content in the research of microgrid integrated control and energy management. In this paper, the optimal dispatching and reliability of battery energy storage system (Battery Energy Storage System, BESS) in microgrid system are studied, which provides a reference for the application of BESS in microgrid in the future. The main work of this paper is as follows: firstly, taking the typical air-optical-heat-storage microgrid system as an example, the mathematical model of the output force of each component unit of the microgrid is established. According to the characteristics of wind energy, solar energy and so on, the prediction and simulation method of wind power, photovoltaic and other power sources is studied. Considering the capacity and charge-discharge constraints of BESS, the capacity model and charge-discharge model of BESS are established. Secondly, aiming at the role of BESS in microgrid system, this paper aims at economy, environmental protection, reliability, response characteristics to renewable energy, and satisfies the power balance constraint, power output constraint and BESS capacity of microgrid. Under the condition of charge and discharge and life constraint, the optimal operation model of microgrid based on BESS dynamic dispatching is established. The multi-objective optimization is transformed into a single-objective optimization problem by fuzzy theory and membership function to obtain the optimal control strategy of BESS with comprehensive consideration of various factors. Then, considering the advantages of dynamic programming algorithm which can simulate the charge-discharge action of BESS and deal with the discontinuity and nonlinear constraints in the model, dynamic programming is used to solve the multi-objective operation optimization model of microgrid, which is verified by an example. The results show that the multi-objective optimization is based on setting the importance of each target, and through the dynamic optimal scheduling of BESS, it can meet the operational requirements of micro-grid, improve all aspects of indicators, and fully reflect the functional positioning of BESS. Finally, based on the characteristics of connected grid structure of battery energy storage system in reliability analysis, combined with its physical structure, the reliability modeling of battery energy storage system is carried out by using state space analysis method. The equivalent failure rate and repair rate of each component and system are calculated respectively, which provides a data reference for BESS dispatching, capacity or quantity configuration and reliability evaluation of microgrid.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM73

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