Tesla变压器型脉冲源及其应用研究

发布时间：2018-11-29 13:38

【摘要】：利用脉冲变压器可以较容易地构造出在峰值功率、平均功率、稳定性、寿命等方面性能优良的脉冲功率系统。相比于其他类型的脉冲变压器,螺旋线型Tesla变压器不仅不受铁磁材料饱和和频率的限制,而且具有结构简单、次级匝间电容小、成本低、容易实现高变比等优点,在长寿命、高重复频率运行等应用场合更具优势。本文在对Tesla变压器谐振充电电路模型进行理论分析的基础上,研制了一台匝数比为3:660的油浸式螺旋线Tesla变压器样机,其峰值变比大于100,次级可以获得大于150kV的高压,能量传输效率可达到40%。利用样机对螺旋线型Tesla变压器的谐振充电特性进行了实验研究,结果表明增大初级电容,增大失谐系数,可以提高输出峰值变比。当失谐系数大于1时,增大变比的同时,能量传输效率反而会下降。初级电流最大上升率与充电电压成正比,与初级回路总电感成反比。基于空芯螺旋线Tesla变压器的研究,研制了一套高压重频纳秒脉冲电源,对其结构和组成部分进行了详细的设计和测试。利用滤波电容经电感对变压器原方电容进行快速充电,可以满足脉冲源重频运行时的充电要求。通过气体开关对变压器输出的微秒脉冲进行陡化,可以产生上升沿为30 ns,幅值为100kV,重复频率为500Hz的纳秒脉冲波形。针对待研制直流断路器的参数和工况,设计了一套基于Tesla变压器的开关触发器系统。为保证可靠性,设计了与多级开关并联的阻容链式触发分压网络。在Pspice软件中对触发网络和Tesla变压器型触发器的触发过程进行了仿真。考虑到长期挂网运行的绝缘问题,对Tesla变压器型触发器的供电方案进行了分析。搭建了四级间隙实验回路,对相关问题进行了验证。
[Abstract]:The pulse power system with good performance in peak power, average power, stability and lifetime can be constructed easily by using pulse transformer. Compared with other types of pulse transformers, helical Tesla transformers are not only not limited by the saturation and frequency of ferromagnetic materials, but also have the advantages of simple structure, small secondary turn capacitance, low cost, easy to realize high conversion ratio and so on. High repetition rate operation and other applications have more advantages. Based on the theoretical analysis of the resonant charging circuit model of Tesla transformer, a prototype of oil-immersed helical Tesla transformer with turn ratio of 3: 660 is developed. The peak conversion ratio is more than 100, and the secondary voltage is higher than 150kV. The efficiency of energy transmission can reach 40%. The resonant charging characteristics of helical Tesla transformer are experimentally studied by using a prototype. The results show that increasing primary capacitance and detuning coefficient can increase the peak-to-peak ratio of output. When the detuning coefficient is greater than 1, the energy transfer efficiency decreases with increasing the variable ratio. The maximum rise rate of primary current is directly proportional to the charge voltage and inversely proportional to the total inductance of the primary circuit. Based on the research of hollow helix Tesla transformer, a set of high-voltage nanosecond pulse power supply with repetition frequency is developed, and its structure and components are designed and tested in detail. Using the filter capacitor to charge the transformer's original capacitance by inductance, it can meet the charging requirements of pulse source when the repetition frequency is running. The nanosecond pulse waveform with 30 ns, rise edge and 500Hz repetition rate can be generated by steepening the microsecond pulse output from the transformer by gas switch. According to the parameters and working conditions of DC circuit breaker to be developed, a switch trigger system based on Tesla transformer is designed. In order to ensure reliability, a resistive and capacitive chain trigger voltage divider network is designed in parallel with multistage switches. The trigger process of trigger network and Tesla transformer flip-flop is simulated in Pspice software. Considering the insulation problem of long-term grid operation, the power supply scheme of Tesla transformer flip-flop is analyzed. The four-level gap experimental circuit is built and the related problems are verified.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM417

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