内置式永磁同步电动机的优化设计及其弱磁性能分析

发布时间：2018-12-08 11:58

【摘要】：内置式永磁同步电动机(Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor, IPMSM)因其体积小、可靠性好、易于弱磁等优点,已在交流调速系统中占据越来越重要的地位。本文在阐述永磁同步电动机弱磁扩速及控制策略研究近况的基础上,针对弱磁难的问题,从电机的磁路设计和控制策略两个方面展开研究。首先从利于弱磁的角度出发,选择IPMSM作为研究对象,在Clark和Park坐标变换以及永磁同步电机数学模型的基础上,介绍了矢量控制以及电压空间矢量脉宽调制技术的原理及方法,并详细分析了各种矢量控制策略的优缺点；其次,针对高扩速能力的IPMSM进行电磁结构的优化设计和尺寸的计算,从增大直轴电感的角度出发,利用Ansoft软件深入分析定子槽型、绕组结构、气隙长度和永磁体参数对弱磁性能的影响,在初步确定电机尺寸的基础之上,利用模拟退火算法对其气隙磁密和齿槽转矩进行相应的优化分析,最后给出符合设计要求的电机技术参数；再次,借助Maxwell2D有限元分析软件对设计的IPMSM进行动态和稳态性能的分析,给出一种静态场交直轴电感计算的新方法,并通过分析电机瞬态场计算结果中磁力线分布情况、感应电势及电流曲线、输出转矩曲线,验证了所设计电机结构和尺寸的合理性；最后,针对传统的外部电压环弱磁控制,考虑高速运行时电机参数变化对电流PI控制器的影响,在电流环加入电压前馈解耦补偿,然后用变速积分PI控制器和模糊自整定PI控制器替代外部电压弱磁环中传统的PI控制器,去磁电流△id的仿真结果验证了这两种PID控制算法都能够减小超调,改善控制系统的弱磁性能,其中变速积分PI控制器对系统动态性能的改进更为明显。
[Abstract]:The built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor (Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor, IPMSM) has been playing a more and more important role in AC speed regulation system because of its advantages such as small size, good reliability and easy magnetic weakening. In this paper, based on the recent research on the weak magnetic expansion and control strategy of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), the magnetic circuit design and control strategy of PMSM are studied from two aspects: the design of magnetic circuit and the control strategy of PMSM. Firstly, from the point of view of weak magnetic field, IPMSM is chosen as the research object. On the basis of Clark and Park coordinate transformation and permanent magnet synchronous motor mathematical model, the principle and method of vector control and voltage space vector pulse width modulation are introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of various vector control strategies are analyzed in detail. Secondly, the optimization design and size calculation of electromagnetic structure for IPMSM with high expanding speed are carried out. From the angle of increasing the direct axis inductance, the stator slot and winding structure are deeply analyzed by Ansoft software. The effects of air gap length and permanent magnet parameters on the weak magnetic properties are analyzed. Based on the preliminary determination of the size of the motor, the air gap magnetic density and the slot torque are optimized by simulated annealing algorithm. Finally, the technical parameters of the motor that meet the design requirements are given. Thirdly, with the help of Maxwell2D finite element analysis software, the dynamic and steady-state performance of the designed IPMSM is analyzed, and a new method for calculating the axial inductance of the static field is presented, and the distribution of the magnetic force line in the calculation results of the transient field of the motor is analyzed. The inductive potential and current curves and the output torque curves verify the rationality of the structure and size of the designed motor. Finally, considering the influence of motor parameters on the current PI controller under the traditional external voltage loop weak magnetic control, the voltage feedforward decoupling compensation is added to the current loop. Then the variable speed integral PI controller and the fuzzy self tuning PI controller are used to replace the traditional PI controller in the external voltage weak magnetic loop. The simulation results of demagnetizing current id show that both PID control algorithms can reduce overshoot. The weak magnetic performance of the control system is improved, and the dynamic performance of the control system is improved more obviously by the variable speed integral PI controller.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM341

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