大功率接触器设计与研究

发布时间：2019-01-09 08:47

【摘要】：随着电动车、飞机等对电能需求日益增加,其内部配电系统的供电制转向更高电压以节约线径并减轻导线重量。高压供电制对在其中起到保护和切换等功能的密封接触器提出了如高电压大功率切断、长寿命等更高的要求。因此,本文对一种额定电压与电流为270V200A的高压直流大功率电磁式密封直流接触器进行了设计和研究,并对其耐环境指标、寿命指标进行了验证。首先,基于永磁吹弧桥式触头结构灭弧规律设计了接触系统,利用模拟实验装置进行不同触头结构、触头材料、磁场强度、气压下的电弧实验,从而初步确定了触头分断速度、触头开距、触头压力、触头超程、灭弧磁场。并根据分断速率、开距及触点压力等要求设计了反力系统。然后,基于静磁场下矢量磁位模型采用Maxswell软件建立了电磁系统仿真模型,计算其静态电磁吸力特性,并通过实验测试数据证明了所建模型和仿真结查的正确性。然后采用基于静态数据的多软件联合仿真的办法,建立了接触器的机电耦合模型,通过计算确定接触器吸合和释放过程的动态特性参数,如动态位移曲线、动态速率曲线、动态吸反力配合等关键分合特性。最后,根据设计的结构与尺寸参数制作接触器样机,对设计的接触器进行了尺寸参数、机械参数、电特性参数、环境参数、寿命参数等各个环节进行了实验测试。并对失效产品进行了失效模式与机理分析,给出了永磁体种类与磁场强度对寿命的影响机理、研究了触头分离初速度、触头行程、弹簧压力等机械参数对寿命的影响规律。耐力学实验与电寿命实验结果表明该接触器样机已经达到了泰科公司的LEV200型指标水平。
[Abstract]:With the increasing demand for electric vehicles, aircraft and so on, the power supply system of its internal distribution system turns to higher voltage in order to save wire diameter and reduce wire weight. High voltage power supply system has put forward higher requirements such as high voltage, high power cut, long life and so on. Therefore, a high-voltage DC high-power electromagnetic sealed DC contactor with rated voltage and current of 270V200A has been designed and studied, and its environmental resistance index and life index have been verified. First of all, based on the arc extinguishing law of permanent magnet arc blowing bridge contact structure, the contact system is designed. The contact structure, contact material, magnetic field intensity and air pressure arc test are carried out by using the simulation experimental device, and the breaking speed of the contact is preliminarily determined. Contact distance, contact pressure, contact over range, arc-extinguishing magnetic field. The reaction system is designed according to breaking rate, opening distance and contact pressure. Then, based on the vector magnetic potential model under the static magnetic field, the electromagnetic system simulation model is established by using Maxswell software, and the static electromagnetic suction characteristic is calculated. The correctness of the model and the simulation result is proved by the experimental test data. Then, the electromechanical coupling model of contactor is established by using the method of multi-software joint simulation based on static data. The dynamic characteristic parameters such as dynamic displacement curve and dynamic rate curve are determined by calculating and determining the dynamic characteristic parameters of the contactor in the process of suction and release, such as the dynamic displacement curve and the dynamic rate curve. Key compartmentalization characteristics such as dynamic suction and reaction coordination. Finally, the contactor prototype is made according to the designed structure and dimension parameters, and the parameters of dimension, mechanical parameters, electrical characteristics, environment parameters, life parameters and other aspects of the contactor are tested. The failure mode and mechanism of failure products are analyzed, the influence mechanism of permanent magnet type and magnetic field intensity on life is given, and the influence of mechanical parameters such as contact separation initial velocity, contact stroke and spring pressure on life is studied. The results of endurance experiment and electrical life test show that the prototype of the contactor has reached the level of Tyco LEV200.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM572

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