制备不同对电极材料用于染料敏化太阳能电池

发布时间：2019-01-20 17:00

【摘要】：当今世界面临着能源危机的严重问题，太阳能是一种清洁的无污染的，而且取之不尽用之不竭的能源，备受人们关注。染料敏化太阳电池（DSSC）是一种新型太阳电池，原材料丰富、成本低、工艺技术相对简单，同时所有原材料和生产工艺都是无毒、无污染的，对保护人类环境具有重要的意义。DSSC是由染料敏化的光阳极，电解质和对电极组成，目前DSSC的最高能量转化效率可以达到12%，在电池中对电极不仅是传递电子而且是催化还原氧化还原电对儿的重要组成元素。镀铂对电极是目前应用广泛的对电极材料，稀有金属铂的价格昂贵。研究铂含量低和非铂对电极材料具有重要的实际意义。本论文研究了原位生长的CoS1.097对电极、CoS2/石墨烯复合材料（CoS2-Graphene）以及高温煅烧法制备氮掺杂石墨烯（NGO）等三种材料组装电池的光伏性能的研究，研究具体内容如下：（1）用水热法制备的原位生长的CoS1.097对电极能够很好的附着在FTO基体上，其形貌为片状的结构，，能量转换效率可以达到3.78%，铂对电极的光电转换效率为4.18%。（2）二硫化钴石墨烯复合物（CoS2-Gs）是通过水热法合成的，在氧化石墨烯（GO）的存在下钴离子和硫脲分子之间的反应。通过这种方法，易于弯曲的石墨烯片能够有效地控制CoS2纳米粒子的尺寸和分布，这对于获得高效的电催化活性有重要的意义。主要是由于CoS2纳米粒子均匀的固定在石墨烯上，而且粒子具有很高的密度，CoS2-G50的合成是在石墨烯的质量为50mg时，表现出最高的催化活性和最低的电解质扩散电阻。总之，CoS2-G50作为染料敏化太阳能电池的对电极时，得到的能量转换效率为6.55%，远远高于CoS2和石墨烯对电极的效率。同样也胜过铂电极（6.20%）的PCE，证明CoS2-G是价格低廉的非铂对电极材料。（3）用煅烧的方法在高温、氮气氛条件下制备得到的不同氮掺杂量的氮掺杂石墨烯，能够降低电荷在对电极和电解质界面之间的电荷迁移电阻（Rct），而且对I-/I3-有很强的电催化还原能力；样品NG3-1的光电转化效率为5.66%，高于溅射法制备的铂对电极。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the world is facing a serious problem of energy crisis. Solar energy is a clean, non-polluting and inexhaustible energy, which has attracted people's attention. Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a new type of solar cell, which is rich in raw materials, low in cost and relatively simple in technology. Meanwhile, all raw materials and production processes are non-toxic and pollution-free. DSSC is composed of dye sensitized photoanode, electrolyte and counter electrode. At present, the highest energy conversion efficiency of DSSC can reach 12. The counter electrode is not only an important element of electron transfer but also an important component of the catalytic reduction redox pair in the battery. Platinum-plated pair electrode is a widely used counter electrode material, and the price of rare metal platinum is expensive. The study of low platinum content and non-platinum has important practical significance for electrode materials. In this paper, the photovoltaic properties of nitrogen-doped graphene (NGO) fabricated by in-situ growth of CoS1.097 opposite electrode, CoS2/ graphene composite (CoS2-Graphene) and high temperature calcination were studied. The main contents are as follows: (1) the in-situ growth of CoS1.097 prepared by hydrothermal method can adhere to the FTO matrix very well, its morphology is flake structure, and the energy conversion efficiency can reach 3.78%. The conversion efficiency of platinum to electrode is 4.18. (2) Cobalt-graphene disulfide complex (CoS2-Gs) was synthesized by hydrothermal method. The reaction between cobalt ion and thiourea molecule in the presence of graphene oxide (GO). Through this method, the graphene sheet which is easy to bend can effectively control the size and distribution of CoS2 nanoparticles, which is of great significance for obtaining high efficiency electrocatalytic activity. The main reason is that CoS2 nanoparticles are immobilized on graphene uniformly and the particles have high density. The synthesis of CoS2-G50 shows the highest catalytic activity and the lowest electrolyte diffusion resistance when the mass of graphene is 50mg. In a word, when CoS2-G50 is used as the opposite electrode of dye sensitized solar cell, the energy conversion efficiency is 6.55, which is much higher than that of CoS2 and graphene opposite electrode. PCE, which is also superior to platinum electrode (6.20%), proves that CoS2-G is a low price non-platinum opposite electrode material. (3) under the condition of high temperature and nitrogen atmosphere, nitrogen-doped graphene prepared by calcination method can reduce the charge transfer resistance (Rct),) between the opposite electrode and electrolyte interface. Moreover, it has strong electrocatalytic reduction ability to I / R I _ 3-. The photoelectricity conversion efficiency of NG3-1 is 5.66, which is higher than that of platinum opposite electrode prepared by sputtering.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM914.4;O646.54

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