三维多孔五氧化二钒超级电容器的研究

发布时间：2019-01-27 11:59

【摘要】：近些年来，国内外新兴起一种大容量储能设备——超级电容器。超级电容器是一种新型的绿色储能设备，其性能优于电池等传统储能方式，具有容量高，可以快速充放电，对环境无污染，使用寿命长等一系列优点。对超级电容器研究的重心一直在于对电极材料的研究。金属氧化物电极材料因其在储能过程当中会发生法拉第赝电容反应而具有较高的比容量而备受关注。因此，本文选用五氧化二钒材料作为研究对象，对三维多孔五氧化二钒电极材料的制备及其电化学性能进行了详细研究。本文的主要内容分为以下几个方面：（1）超级电容器的简介本文首先对超级电容器做了详细的介绍。主要介绍了超级电容器的发展历程以及分类，，并对组成超级电容器的三个主要部分及其发展现状分别进行了详细介绍，然后介绍了五氧化二钒材料在超级电容器中的使用及其研究现状。（2）三维多孔五氧化二钒电极材料的制备及物理表征本文选用储量丰富、价格低廉、理论比容量较高的五氧化二钒作为研究对象,通过改变其微观结构，制备出三维多孔五氧化二钒电极。目前，制备三维多孔材料的主要方法是有模板法、溶胶—凝胶法和溅射法。本文采用模板法制备三维多孔五氧化二钒电极。在实验过程中，选用聚苯乙烯制作出电化学沉积模板，然后使用该模板进行电化学沉积，最后溶解掉模板，得到三维多孔五氧化二钒电极材料。使用X-射线衍射仪对制备的电极材料进行成分分析，可以知道电极材料的主要成分为五氧化二钒；使用场发射扫描电子显微镜对制备的电极材料的形貌进行分析，可以知道电极材料为整齐排列的三维多孔结构。（3）三维多孔五氧化二钒超级电容器电化学性能的研究使用制备出的三维多孔五氧化二钒电极组装成超级电容器，并对其电化学性能进行测试。通过循环伏安测试得到该超级电容器的最大比容量为531.25F/g。当循环伏安测试中的扫描速率从5mV/s升至50mV/s时，三维多孔五氧化二钒超级电容器的容量保持率为42.59％，表现出优异的倍率性能。
[Abstract]:In recent years, a new kind of large capacity energy storage equipment, super capacitor, has emerged at home and abroad. Supercapacitor is a new type of green energy storage equipment. Its performance is superior to traditional energy storage methods such as batteries. It has a series of advantages such as high capacity, rapid charge and discharge, no pollution to the environment, long service life and so on. The focus of the study on supercapacitors has always been the study of electrode materials. Metal oxide electrode materials have attracted much attention because of their high specific capacity due to Faraday pseudo-capacitance reaction in the process of energy storage. Therefore, the preparation and electrochemical properties of three dimensional porous vanadium pentoxide electrode materials were studied in detail. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the introduction of supercapacitors. The development and classification of supercapacitors are introduced, and the three main parts of supercapacitors and their development status are introduced in detail. Then the application of vanadium pentoxide in supercapacitors and its research status are introduced. (2) preparation and physical characterization of three dimensional porous vanadium pentoxide electrode material. In this paper, vanadium pentoxide, which has abundant reserves, low price and high theoretical specific capacity, is chosen as the research object. Three-dimensional porous vanadium pentoxide electrode was prepared. At present, the main methods of preparing three-dimensional porous materials are template method, sol-gel method and sputtering method. In this paper, three-dimensional porous vanadium pentoxide electrode was prepared by template method. During the experiment, polystyrene was used to prepare the electrochemical deposition template, and then the template was deposited. Finally, the template was dissolved, and the three-dimensional porous vanadium pentoxide electrode material was obtained. The main component of the electrode material was found to be vanadium pentoxide by means of X ray diffractometer. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the morphology of the electrode materials, and it was found that the electrode materials were neatly arranged in three dimensional porous structure. (3) Electrochemical performance of three dimensional porous vanadium pentoxide supercapacitors the electrochemical properties of the three dimensional porous vanadium pentoxide supercapacitors were tested by using the three dimensional porous vanadium pentoxide electrodes. The maximum specific capacity of the supercapacitor is 531.25F / g by cyclic voltammetry. When the scanning rate in cyclic voltammetry is increased from 5mV/s to 50mV/s, the capacity retention rate of 3D porous vanadium pentoxide supercapacitor is 42.59, showing excellent rate performance.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM53

【参考文献】