染料敏化太阳能电池二氧化钛光阳极构筑及界面调控研究

发布时间：2019-03-20 11:27

【摘要】：染料敏化太阳能电池因其优异性而备受关注。本文以研究染料敏化太阳能电池二氧化钛光阳极构筑及界面调控,减少电子复合提高器件电化学性能为目的。研究纳米颗粒二氧化钛电极包覆不同氧化物的影响以及氧化铝包覆合适条件,同时研究电解质添加剂锂离子、4-叔丁基吡啶对二氧化钛/染料/电解质界面的电子转移及器件的电化学性能的影响。采用一步法合成了一维二氧化钛纳米棒,研究合成纳米棒的影响因素和纳米棒二氧化钛光阳极的界面调控。取得主要结论如下:(1)成功对纳米颗粒二氧化钛电极包覆Mg O、Sr O、Al2O3、Zr O2、Nb2O5材料,研究了五种氧化物对器件性能的影响。除了Nb2O5,包覆其他氧化物降低了光注入电子与I-3的复合,提高了器件性能。当包覆Al2O3时,器件在AM 1.5G 100 m W cm-2模拟太阳光辐照条件下获得6.92%的光电转换效率。同时研究电极浸渍时间及前驱体浓度包覆Al2O3对器件性能的影响,发现当前驱体浓度为50 m M,Ti O2电极浸渍时间为60 s时,能够有效抑制暗反应(2e-+I-3→3I-),提高器件的性能,器件在AM 1.5G 100 m W cm-2模拟太阳光辐照条件下Jsc、Voc、FF、η依次分别为14.69m A cm-2、670 m V、0.71和6.97%。(2)研究了电解质添加剂锂离子、4-叔丁基吡啶对Ti O2光阳极的调控作用。发现随着电解质中锂离子浓度的增大,Ti O2导带能级发生下移,加速了光生电子与I-3的复合反应。当锂离子浓度为100 m M时,器件在AM 1.5G 100 m W cm-2模拟太阳光辐照条件下的性能最佳,其Jsc、Voc、FF、η依次分别为14.67 m A cm-2、673 m V、0.72和7.11%。随着电解质中4-叔丁基吡啶浓度的增大,Ti O2导带能级发生上移,抑制了光生电子与I-3的复合反应。当电解质中4-叔丁基吡啶浓度为0.5 M时,器件在AM 1.5G 100 m W cm-2模拟太阳光辐照条件下的性能最佳,其Jsc、Voc、FF、η依次分别为14.27 m A cm-2、688 m V、0.72和7.04%。(3)采用一步水热法可控合成一维Ti O2纳米棒,研究水热反应时间、温度、氨水浓度、NH4Cl和异丙醇含量对Ti O2纳米棒形成的影响。表明:五种因素均对Ti O2纳米棒的形貌或结晶性产生影响。将Ti O2纳米棒作为电极,器件在AM 1.5G100 m W cm-2模拟太阳光辐照条件下的光电转换效率为5.56%。进一步采用Al2O3修饰Ti O2纳米棒电极,发现器件短路电流密度明显下降,提高了开路电压和光生电子寿命,其在AM 1.5G 100 m W cm-2模拟太阳光辐照条件下光电转换效率下降至5.06%。进一步将纳米棒与Ti O2散射层结合制备电极,器件在AM 1.5G 100 m Wcm-2模拟太阳光辐照条件下的光电转换效率为6.13%。与基于Ti O2纳米颗粒电极的器件相比,器件的开路电压高及填充因子均得到提高,这是由于纳米棒有利于电子传输,降低了复合反应。并对两种电极包覆Al2O3后,发现有效的抑制了光生电子与I-3的复合反应,器件的开路电压及填充因子均明显提高,且纳米棒作为光阳极时,器件电化学性能较好。
[Abstract]:Dye-sensitized solar cells have attracted much attention because of their advantages. The purpose of this paper is to study the photoanode construction and interface regulation of dye-sensitized solar cells, and to reduce the electronic recombination and improve the electrochemical performance of the devices. The effect of nano-sized titanium dioxide electrode coated with different oxides and the suitable conditions of alumina coating were studied. At the same time, the electrolyte additive lithium ion was also studied. Effect of 4-tert-butyl pyridine on electron transfer and electrochemical performance of titanium dioxide / dye / electrolyte interface. One-dimensional titanium dioxide nanorods were synthesized by one-step method. The factors influencing the synthesis of nanorods and the interface regulation of photoanode of nanorods were studied. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the Mg-O, Sr-O, Al-2O _ 3, Zr-O _ 2 and NB _ 2O _ 5 materials were successfully coated with nano-TIO _ 2 electrode, and the effects of five oxides on the performance of the devices were investigated. In addition to Nb2O5,-coated oxides, the recombination of photoimplanted electrons with I _ x _ 3 is reduced, and the performance of the devices is improved. When coated with Al2O3, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of 6.92% is obtained under the condition of AM 1.5G 100MW cm-2 simulated sunlight irradiation. At the same time, the effects of impregnation time and precursor concentration coated Al2O3 on the performance of the device were studied. It was found that the dark reaction (2e-I ~ (- 3) ~ (3) ~ (3) I ~ (-) could be effectively inhibited when the current flooding concentration was 50 mm and the impregnation time of TIO _ 2 electrode was 60 s. The Jsc,Voc,FF, 畏 of the device under AM 1.5G 100MW cm-2 simulated sunlight irradiation is 14.69m A cm-2670 MV, respectively. 0.71 and 6.97%. (2) the effect of lithium ion, 4-tert-butylpyridine (4-tert-butyl pyridine) on Ti O _ 2 photoanode was studied. It was found that with the increase of lithium ion concentration in electrolyte, the conduction band energy level of Ti-O _ 2 shifted downward, which accelerated the recombination reaction of photogenerated electrons with I ~ (3 +). When the concentration of lithium ion is 100 mm, the Jsc,Voc,FF, 畏 of the device is 14.67 Ma cm-2673 MV, 0.72% and 7.11%, respectively, under the condition of AM 1.5G 100MW cm-2 simulated sunlight irradiation. With the increase of the concentration of 4-tert-butylpyridine in the electrolyte, the conduction band energy level of Ti-O _ 2 shifted up, which inhibited the recombination reaction of photogenerated electrons with I _ (O _ 3). When the concentration of 4-tert-butylpyridine in the electrolyte is 0.5M, the performance of the device under the condition of AM 1.5G 100MW cm-2 simulated sunlight irradiation is the best, and its Jsc,Voc,FF, 畏 is 14.27mA cm-2688 MV, respectively. 0.72 and 7.04%. (3) one-dimensional TIO _ 2 nanorods were synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method. The effects of hydrothermal reaction time, temperature, ammonia concentration, NH4Cl and isopropanol content on the formation of Ti-O _ 2 nanorods were studied. The results show that all five factors affect the morphology or crystallinity of Ti O2 nanorods. Using Ti O2 nanorod as electrode, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device under AM 1.5G100 MW cm-2 simulated sunlight irradiation is 5.56%. Furthermore, Al2O3 was used to modify Ti O2 nanorod electrode. It was found that the short circuit current density of the device decreased obviously, and the open circuit voltage and photogenerated electron lifetime were increased. The photoelectric conversion efficiency decreased to 5.06% under the condition of AM 1.5G 100MW cm-2 simulated sunlight irradiation. The electrode was prepared by combining nanorods with Ti O2 scattering layer. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device was 6.13% under the condition of AM 1.5G 100m Wcm-2 simulated sunlight irradiation. Compared with the device based on Ti O2 nano-particle electrode, the open-circuit voltage and filling factor of the device are improved, which is due to the advantage of the nanorods in electron transport and the reduction of the composite reaction. After coating Al2O3 with two kinds of electrodes, it was found that the recombination reaction of photogenerated electrons and I / O _ 3 was effectively inhibited, the open circuit voltage and filling factor of the device were improved obviously, and the electrochemical performance of the device was better when the nanorods were used as photoanodes.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM914.4

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