氧化锌避雷器（MOA）发展和试验进化的研究

发布时间：2019-04-26 02:46

【摘要】：氧化锌避雷器（MOA）其优异的非线性U-I特性，在电网过电压保护工作上起到了关键的作用。电力系统在正常运行下，由于种种原因会有很多的因素致使过电压作用到电气设备上，如大气、工频过电压、操作过电压、谐振过电压等，当这些过电压作用到电力设备上时，就可能发生设备严重损坏，造成电网停电事故，从而造成国民经济重大损失，因此氧化锌避雷器（MOA）的保护对电力系统安全可靠运行至关重要。既然氧化锌避雷器（MOA）主导了当今过电压保护的主要地位，因此掌握氧化锌避雷器（MOA）避雷器特特性非常重要，氧化锌避雷器具有在正常系统工作电压下，呈现高电阻状态，仅有微安级电流通过。在过电压大电流作用下它便呈现低电阻，从而限制了避雷器两端的残压超优的特性。任何一个设备的大规模的推广应用，保证其安全运行和健康状况就成为新的难题，本文根据氧化锌避雷器（MOA）的构造成分和结构特点，介绍了掌控其健康的试验方法的发展和标准分析，从以往的停电试验开始分析介绍：如常规的绝缘电阻试验---泄漏电流试验---运行电压下交流电流试验----放电计数器动作检测，随着时代的进步和电网发展的需求，停电试验满足不了要求，因此必须探寻一种新的试验方法来适应时代的要求。在线监测和带电检测的试验技术就应用而生。氧化锌避雷器（MOA）在试验技术是伴着电网的发展需求，随着传感器、光纤、计算机技术的迅猛发展，判断氧化锌避雷器（MOA）正常状态的检修方式的生翻天覆地的变化，开始转变为在线监测和带电检测为重心的状态检修，其重要特征是不使用预防性试验仪器，而是利用各种高灵敏度的传感器及测量手段对氧化锌避雷器（MOA）在运行状态下的物理量、化学量等进行采集和检测，根据时时的监测和监测情况结合停电试验数据来判断氧化锌避雷器（MOA）状态来制定策略，从而保证电网的可靠性和安全性。根据氧化锌避雷器（MOA）没有放电间隙，氧化锌阻片长期受电网运行电压下工作，会有泄漏电流流经各个串联电阻片，这个电流的大小取决于氧化锌避雷器（MOA）热稳定和电阻片的老化程度的研究，经过大量的理论分析一系列的实践研究，针对氧化锌避雷器（MOA）的阻性泄漏电流参数反应故障特征的特点，研究了以数据故障分析为主软件技术、运行电压下真实采样为基础传感技术、后台计算机系统监控为辅人工识别技术的氧化锌避雷器的阻性电流分析的在线检测技术和带电检测技术。在线检测技术和带电检测技术带来了氧化锌避雷器试验的革命，如果能理论结合实际大力发展这种技术就能够准确的判断氧化锌避雷器（MOA）的健康状况和周期寿命管理。带电检测、在线监测在发现设备异常时必须结合停电检测相关的综合检测手段确认,对于准确判断氧化锌避雷器泄露电流中阻性电流等主要参数超标的原因的受潮、阀片老化故障，具有十分有效的检测和判断结果，并根据在线监测和带电检测的结果分析，制定出针对性的检修策略，使氧化锌避雷器（MOA）的使用寿命得到全方面的监控和维护，并得对以后氧化锌避雷器制造、选型有指导性作用，这样一来就能减少电力设备中氧化锌避雷器（MOA）的突然损坏事故，减少电网停电事故，从而减少国民经济的重大损失，，提高从而保证电网的可靠性和安全性。
[Abstract]:The excellent non-linear U-I characteristic of the zinc oxide arrester (MOA) plays a key role in the protection of the over-voltage of the power network. under the normal operation of the power system, due to various factors, the overvoltage acts on the electrical equipment, such as the atmosphere, the power frequency overvoltage, the operation overvoltage, the resonance overvoltage, and the like, and when the over-voltages are applied to the power equipment, the equipment can be seriously damaged, The protection of the zinc oxide arrester (MOA) is of great importance to the safe and reliable operation of the power system. Since the zinc oxide lightning arrester (MOA) dominates the main position of the over-voltage protection, it is very important to master the characteristics of the zinc oxide arrester (MOA) arrester. The zinc oxide arrester has a high resistance state under the working voltage of the normal system, and only the micro-ampere level is in electrical circulation. Over-voltage, it presents a low resistance under the effect of an over-voltage large current, thus limiting the super-high voltage at both ends of the lightning arrester This paper introduces the development and standard of the test method to control the health of the zinc oxide arrester (MOA) based on the structural component and structural characteristics of the zinc oxide lightning arrester (MOA). Analysis and introduction from the previous power failure test: such as the conventional insulation resistance test, the leakage current test, the AC current test under the running voltage--the action of the discharge counter, and with the progress of the times and the demand of the power grid development, the power failure test can not meet the requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to find a new method to adapt to the needs of the times Application of test technology for on-line monitoring and live detection With the rapid development of the sensor, optical fiber and computer technology, it is judged that the maintenance mode of the normal state of the zinc oxide arrester (MOA) is turned over and over. The change of the state of the gravity center of the on-line monitoring and the live detection is started, and the important characteristic of the invention is that the preventive test instrument is not used, but the zinc oxide arrester (MOA) is operated under the running state by using various high-sensitivity sensors and measuring means. acquiring and detecting the physical quantity and the chemical quantity and the like, and judging the state of the zinc oxide arrester (MOA) according to the monitoring and monitoring situation at the time of time to judge the state of the zinc oxide lightning arrester (MOA) so as to ensure the reliability of the power grid and The safety is based on the absence of a discharge gap between the zinc oxide arrester (MOA) and the long-term operation of the zinc oxide barrier under the operating voltage of the grid, with leakage current flowing through each series resistor, the magnitude of which depends on the thermal stability of the zinc oxide arrester (MOA) and the aging of the resistance sheet Based on a large number of theoretical analysis and a series of practical studies, the characteristics of the fault features of the resistive leakage current parameters of the zinc oxide lightning arrester (MOA) are studied, the data fault analysis is the main software technology, and the real sampling at the operating voltage is the base. On-line detection technology and band for resistive current analysis of zinc oxide lightning arrester with sensor technology and background computer system monitoring as auxiliary manual identification technology The technology of on-line detection and the technology of live detection bring the revolution of the test of the zinc oxide arrester. If it can be developed by theory, it is possible to judge the health status and the week of the zinc oxide arrester (MOA). Period life management. Live detection, on-line monitoring shall be confirmed by the comprehensive detection means related to power failure detection when the equipment is found to be abnormal. For the reason of accurately judging the main parameters such as the resistive current in the leakage current of the zinc oxide arrester, it shall be affected with moisture And the service life of the zinc oxide arrester (MOA) is monitored and maintained fully, and the later oxygen is obtained. The manufacture and type selection of the zinc oxide lightning arrester are of a guiding effect, so that the sudden damage accident of the zinc oxide arrester (MOA) in the power equipment can be reduced, the power failure accident of the power grid is reduced, the heavy loss of the national economy is reduced, and the power grid is ensured
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM862

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