考虑智能家电与分布式电源的电力需求响应技术研究

发布时间：2019-06-13 17:32

【摘要】：户用分布式电源可直接为电网末端用户供电,在提供清洁能源的同时,也可能由于双向潮流及电能输出的波动性引起功率失衡和电能质量问题。传统的需求响应技术主要针对大型电力用户展开,且未实现需求响应的自动化、智能化。在智能电网相关技术支撑下,研究居民侧智能负荷控制技术,有效整合用户侧需求响应潜力以满足电网调峰需求、促进分布式电源消纳具有重要意义。本文围绕居民用户智能负荷及分布式电源参与电力需求响应,利用智能电网双向交互能力,阐述了用户侧能量管理系统的概念,重点研究了居民用户负荷特性,提出了用户参与电网调峰、促进分布式电源消纳的智能负荷控制方案,并描述了用户侧智能需求响应调度平台的系统设计及工程实施方案。首先,对参与电力需求响应的居民负荷特性进行了深入研究,包括居民可控负荷如空调、热水器、电动汽车等,分析其负荷特性并建立了物理模型；研究了户用光伏发电系统的输出特性及物理模型,为后续智能负荷参与电力需求响应实现电网调峰、促进分布式电源消纳奠定基础。其次,基于智能电网双向交互技术,系统地介绍了智能家庭用电管理系统及其控制方案。建立了居民可控负荷控制模型,并根据家电运行特点提出了家电舒适度指数的概念；在满足电网调峰及用户舒适度需求的前提下,根据家电实时状态计算其动态优先级,并执行负荷控制决策；算例仿真结果表明所提负荷控制方案可为电网公司及用户双方带来收益。然后,深入研究了居民侧主动负荷促进分布式电源消纳的需求响应方案。分析了居民负荷需求响应特性,提出了负荷状态概率矩阵,并据此建立了居民用电概率模型；在此基础上,制定了以分布式光伏消纳最大化为目标的主动负荷需求响应方案。采用蒙特卡洛法模拟用户用电行为,算例仿真结果表明所提方案可有效促进分布式电源的就地消纳,改善负荷曲线,显著节约用户电费。最后,基于上述理论研究,针对居民用户参与区域电网电力需求响应,阐述了用户侧智能需求响应调度平台的系统设计实施方案,包括调度平台功能设计、系统框架设计及软硬件实现方案、家庭用电管理系统的组网实现方案、用户侧人机界面设计方案等,为未来家庭用户实现智能用电提供了理论及技术依据。
[Abstract]:The household distributed power supply can directly supply power to the end users of the power grid, and meanwhile, the power imbalance and the electric energy quality problem can be caused by the fluctuation of the two-way power flow and the output of the electric energy when the clean energy is provided. The traditional demand response technology is mainly focused on the large-scale power users, and the automatic and intelligent of the demand response is not met. Under the related technical support of the intelligent power grid, the intelligent load control technology of the residents is studied, and the potential of the user-side demand response is effectively integrated to meet the requirement of the peak-regulation of the power grid, and the distributed power supply is promoted to play an important role. In this paper, the intelligent load and distributed power supply of the residents are used to participate in the power demand response, and the two-way interaction capability of the intelligent power grid is used, the concept of the user-side energy management system is described, the load characteristics of the users are emphatically studied, and the users participate in the peak regulation of the power grid, The intelligent load control scheme for distributed power supply is promoted, and the system design and engineering implementation of the user-side intelligent demand response scheduling platform are described. First, the load characteristics of the residents participating in the power demand response have been studied deeply, including the controllable load of the residents, such as air-conditioning, water heater, electric vehicle and so on, the load characteristics of the residents are analyzed and the physical model is established, the output characteristic and the physical model of the household photovoltaic power generation system are studied, And provides a foundation for the subsequent intelligent load to participate in the power demand response to realize the peak regulation of the power grid and to promote the distribution of the distributed power supply. Secondly, the intelligent home power management system and its control scheme are introduced systematically based on the two-way communication technology of the intelligent power grid. The controllable load control model of the residents is established, and the concept of the home appliance comfort index is put forward according to the characteristics of the operation of the household appliance, and the dynamic priority is calculated according to the real-time state of the home appliance and the load control decision is executed according to the real-time state of the household appliance under the premise of meeting the requirements of the peak regulation and the user comfort level of the power grid; The simulation results show that the proposed load control scheme can benefit both the power grid company and the user. Then, the demand response scheme of the active load on the residential side to promote the distribution of the distributed power supply is deeply studied. Based on the analysis of the response characteristics of the load demand of the residents, the probability matrix of the load state is put forward, and the probability model of the residents' power consumption is established. On the basis of this, the active load demand response scheme with the goal of maximizing the distributed photovoltaic power is established. Monte-Carlo method is used to simulate the user's electricity consumption behavior. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively promote the local elimination of the distributed power source, improve the load curve and save the user's electricity cost. Finally, based on the above-mentioned theoretical research, the system design scheme of the user-side intelligent demand response scheduling platform is described, including the function design of the scheduling platform, the design of the system framework and the implementation of the software and hardware. The network implementation scheme of the home power management system, the design scheme of the human-machine interface of the user side and the like provide the theoretical and technical basis for realizing the intelligent electricity utilization for the household users in the future.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM73

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